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21.
Jie Jiang Ruth Pachter Krishnamurthy Mahalingam Jim Ciston Rohan Dhall Robert J. Bondi Matthew J. Marinella Donald A. Telesca Sabyasachi Ganguli 《Advanced Electronic Materials》2023,9(1):2200828
Although understanding filament formation in oxide-based memristive devices by theory has emerged, there are still fundamental unanswered questions. Importantly, for practical application of thin films the material in its amorphous state is to be considered, but mostly lacking so far, and details on sub-stoichiometry are also scarce. To gain insight into the optical and electronic properties of sub-stoichiometric amorphous tantalum oxide (TaOx), the electron energy loss spectrum (EELS) of model systems is characterized theoretically and electron transport characteristics are analyzed in detail. Calculated blue-shifts by increasing sub-stoichiometry explained the measurements, potentially suggesting estimation of oxygen vacancy concentrations through EEL spectra. Electron transport results based on TaOx material models validated by EELS measurements show that oxygen vacancy filamentary paths are initiated at low bias upon increasing sub-stoichiometry yet noting an interplay with the local amorphous structure. Contact resistances at interfaces of the TaOx switching layer and a tantalum scavenging layer or titanium nitride electrode are quantified, indicating the possibility for either oxygen vacancy- or metal cluster-based conduction mechanisms at the interface. The computational work, combined with experimental characterization for validation, provides a basis for investigating effects of sub-stoichiometry on filament formation in TaOx thin film memristive devices. 相似文献
22.
《Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)》2007,40(8):975-981
Twenty-one isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport were evaluated for their antimicrobial resistance, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles, ribotype profiles, and their integron profiles. Antimicrobial resistance profiles indicated that 20 of the 21 isolates were resistant to the following antibiotics: amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (AMOX/CA), ampicillin (AMPC), cefoxitin (CFOX), ceftiofur (TIO), cephalothin (CRIN), chloramphenicol (CHL), streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TET), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Five isolates showed resistance to gentamycin (GEN) and kanamycin (KAN). Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (SMX/TMP) resistance was observed in six isolates. Eight of the twenty one isolates showed intermediate resistance to ceftriaxone (CTRX), with one isolate exhibiting complete resistance. PFGE clearly resolved the Salmonella Newport isolates into nine distinct clusters, and a good congruence was observed between PFGE and antibiotic resistance patterns. Automated riboprinting clearly distinguished between antibiotic resistant and sensitive strains of Salmonella Newport, and resolved the isolates into two ribogroups. One group consisted of the multidrug resistant isolates, and the other grouping contained the sensitive isolate. Three different integrons (1.0, 1.2, and 1.8 kb) were observed in many of the isolates, and several isolates contained more than one integron. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) indicated that integrons of the same size were indistinguishable.When integron analysis and ribotype analysis were used in conjunction, four subtypes of multidrug resistant Salmonella Newport isolates were clearly defined. These results demonstrate the possibility of utilizing automated ribotyping and integron analysis to rapidly subtype multidrug resistant Salmonella Newport isolates. 相似文献
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24.
Proper management of soil phosphorus (P) is essential to ensure sustainability in agriculture. To avoid excessive P accumulation in soil, a methodology for predicting long-term variations in soil P content is required. Using the Swiss Soil Monitoring Network (NABO) database, we tested the efficiency of the model EPIC to predict soil P temporal changes for typical Swiss arable and grassland sites. After performing a sensitivity analysis to identify the most influential model parameters for which calibration was needed, we calibrated the influential parameters on the available topsoil P data of 4 selected NABO sites and then we tested the calibrated model by comparison of predictions with data from a second set of 14 sites. We found that the model performance for grassland sites improved significantly when site-specific estimates of bioturbation depth were used. These site-specific estimates showed a close relationship to independently assessed subsoil hydromorphy. 相似文献
25.
This work presents and illustrates the application of hydroPSO, a novel multi-OS and model-independent R package used for model calibration. hydroPSO allows the modeller to perform a standard modelling work flow including, sensitivity analysis, parameter calibration, and assessment of the calibration results, using a single piece of software. hydroPSO implements several state-of-the-art enhancements and fine-tuning options to the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm to meet specific user needs. hydroPSO easily interfaces the calibration engine to different model codes through simple ASCII files and/or R wrapper functions for exchanging information on the calibration parameters. Then, optimises a user-defined goodness-of-fit measure until a maximum number of iterations or a convergence criterion are met. Finally, advanced plotting functionalities facilitate the interpretation and assessment of the calibration results. The current hydroPSO version allows easy parallelization and works with single-objective functions, with multi-objective functionalities being the subject of ongoing development. We compare hydroPSO against standard algorithms (SCE_UA, DE, DREAM, SPSO-2011, and GML) using a series of benchmark functions. We further illustrate the application of hydroPSO in two real-world case studies: we calibrate, first, a hydrological model for the Ega River Basin (Spain) and, second, a groundwater flow model for the Pampa del Tamarugal Aquifer (Chile). Results from the comparison exercise indicate that hydroPSO is: i) effective and efficient compared to commonly used optimisation algorithms, ii) “scalable”, i.e. maintains a high performance for increased problem dimensionality, and iii) versatile to adapt to different response surfaces of the objective function. Case study results highlight the functionality and ease of use of hydroPSO to handle several issues that are commonly faced by the modelling community such as: working on different operating systems, single or batch model execution, transient- or steady-state modelling conditions, and the use of alternative goodness-of-fit measures to drive parameter optimisation. Although we limit the application of hydroPSO to hydrological models, flexibility of the package suggests it can be implemented in a wider range of models requiring some form of parameter optimisation. 相似文献
26.
《Computer Speech and Language》2001,15(2):151-174
This paper presents a new architecture for automatic speech recognition systems which is characterized by the division of the spectral domain of the speech signal into several independent frequency bands. This model is based on the psycho-acoustic work of Fletcher (1953) who proposed a similar principle for the human auditory system. Jont B. Allen published a paper in 1994 in which he summarized the work of Fletcher and also proposed to adapt the multi-band paradigm to automatic speech recognition (ASR) (Allen, 1994). Many researchers have then studied this principle and built such ASR systems. The goal of this paper is to analyse some of the most important issues in the design of a multi-band ASR system in order to determine which architecture it should have in which environment. Two other major problems are then considered: how to train multi-band systems and how to use them for continuous ASR. 相似文献
27.
S. M. Colles J. K. Woodford D. Moncecchi S. C. Myers-Payne L. R. McLean J. T. Billheimer F. Schroeder 《Lipids》1995,30(9):795-803
The interaction of human recombinant sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) with sterols was examined. Two independent ligand binding
methods, Lipidex 1000 binding of [3H]cholesterol and a fluorescent dehydroergosterol binding assay, were used to determine the affinity of SCP-2 for sterols.
Binding analysis indicated SCP-2 bound [3H]cholesterol and dehydroergosterol with aK
d of 0.3 and 1.7 μM, respectively, and suggested the presence of a single binding site. Phase fluorometry and circular dichroism
were used to characterize the SCP-2 sterol binding site. Alterations in dehydroergosterol lifetime, SCP-2 tryptophan lifetime,
and SCP-2 tryptophan quenching by acrylamide upon cholesterol binding demonstrated a shielding of the SCP-2 tryptophan from
the aqueous solvent by bound sterol. Differential polarized phase fluorometry revealed decreased SCP-2 tryptophan rotational
correlation time upon cholesterol binding. Circular dichroism of SCP-2 indicated that cholesterol elicited a small decrease
in SCP-2 alpha helical content. The data suggest that SCP-2 binds sterols with affinity consistent with a lipid transfer protein
that may act either as an aqueous carrier or at a membrane surface to enhance sterol desorption. 相似文献
28.
Kendall C. DeJonge Brenna S. Mefford José L. Chávez 《International journal of remote sensing》2016,37(10):2294-2312
Multiple remote-sensing techniques have been developed to identify crop-water stress; however, some methods may be difficult for farmers to apply. If spectral reflectance data can be used to monitor crop-water stress, growers could use this information as a quick low-cost guideline for irrigation management, thus helping save water by preventing over-irrigating and achieving desired crop yields. Data was collected in the 2013 growing season near Greeley, Colorado, where drip irrigation was used to irrigate 12 corn (Zea mays L.) treatments with varying water-deficit levels. Ground-based multispectral data were collected and three different vegetation indices were evaluated. These included the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI), and the Green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI). The three vegetation indices were compared to water stress as indicated by the stress coefficient (Ks), and water deficit in the root zone was calculated using a soil water balance. To compare the indices to Ks, vegetation ratios were developed from vegetation indices in the process of normalization. Vegetation ratios are defined as the non-stressed vegetation index divided by the stressed vegetation index. Results showed that vegetation ratios were sensitive to water stress as indicated by the good coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.46) values and low root mean square error (RMSE < 0.076) values when compared to Ks. To use spectral reflectance to manage crop-water stress, an example irrigation trigger point of 0.93 for the vegetation ratios was determined for a 10–12% loss in yield. These results were validated using data collected from a different field. The performance of the vegetation ratio approach was better than when applied to the main field giving higher goodness of fit values (R2 > 0.63), and lower error values (RMSE < 0.043) between Ks and the vegetation indices. 相似文献
29.
30.
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is associated with various problems, including damage to the CAPD catheter. We encountered catheter rupture around the titanium adaptor in a patient who had been on CAPD for 7 years. The area near the adaptor generally suffers damage secondary to deterioration of the silicon composing the catheter. However, stereoscopic and electron microscopic observation of the surface of the catheter revealed no deterioration. Instead, there were fine scratches around the site of rupture and the broken surface was rough. Since the patient did not protect the catheter with gauze near the titanium adaptor, it was probably damaged by the adaptor and then ruptured by some external force. 相似文献