Carbon emissions,energy consumption and economic growth: An aggregate and disaggregate analysis of the Indian economy

This study investigates the long and short run relationships among carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in India at the aggregated and disaggregated levels during 1971–2014. The autoregressive distributed lag model is employed for the cointegration analyses and the vector error correction model is applied to determine the direction of causality between variables. Results show that a long run cointegration relationship exists and that the environmental Kuznets curve is validated at the aggregated and disaggregated levels. Furthermore, energy (total energy, gas, oil, electricity and coal) consumption has a positive relationship with carbon emissions and a feedback effect exists between economic growth and carbon emissions. Thus, energy-efficient technologies should be used in domestic production to mitigate carbon emissions at the aggregated and disaggregated levels. The present study provides policy makers with new directions in drafting comprehensive policies with lasting impacts on the economy, energy consumption and environment towards sustainable development.     

New Data on the Mineralogy of Chromite from the Nuggihalli Schist Belt, Western Dharwar Craton, Karnataka, India:Petrogenetic Implications

The occurrence of rhythmic layering of chromite and host serpentinites in the deformed layered igneous complexes has been noticed in the Nuggihalli schist belt (NSB) in the western Dharwar craton, Karnataka, South India. For this study, the chromitite rock samples were collected from Jambur, Tagadur, Bhakatarhalli, Ranganbetta and Byrapur in the NSB. Petrography and ore microscopic studies on chromite show intense cataclasis and alteration to ferritchromite. The ferritchromite compositions are characterized by higher Cr number (Cr/[Cr+Al]> (0.68-0.98) and lower Mg number (Mg/[Mg+Fe]) (0.33-0.82) ratios in ferritchromite compared to that of parent chromite. The formation process for the ferritchromite is thought to be related to the exchange of Mg, Al, Cr, and Fe between the chromite, surrounding silicates (serpentines, chlorites), and fluid during serpentinization.     

In the Hands of the People: Harnessing the Collective Power of Village Life in India

Top-down attempts by governments and charities to rebuild rural communities after natural disasters, or to rehabilitate slums, can leave communities feeling fractured. The Hunnarshala Foundation instead focuses on re-establishing social capital, providing funding and professional support for residents so that they can work together to improve their lot. This also reinforces the value of traditional artisans' knowledge in solving modern problems. Hunnarshala's Executive Vice Chairman Sandeep Virmani explains.     

Training on Energy Management System

正The training on energy management system,undertaken by the Secretariat of China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS),and jointly organized by Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)and Pacific Accreditation Cooperation(PAC),was held in Beijing from August 12 to15,2014.The training attracted 39 workers and reviewers of energy management system accreditation institutions from countries including China,Russia,Indonesia,Malaysia,India,Vietnam,Thailand,South Korea,Japan and so on.     

Identification of Fatty Acids in Edible Wild Plants by Gas Chromatography

Human beings evolved on a diet that was balanced in the omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and was high in antioxidants. Edible wild plants provide alpha-linolenic acid and PUFA. Today, we know that omega-3 fatty acids are essential for normal growth and development and may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, other inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Comparison of obtained results from analysis of fatty acids of edible plant oils showed that Solanum oil has the highest nutritional value because it contains high contents of linoleic acid (62.29%) and oleic acid (8.6%) and Asparagus oil has high nutritional value because it contains 66.12% oleic acid and 9.6% linoleic acid. Comparison of results of this study with reported results by Artemis (2004) showed that palmetic acid (34.48%) and estearic acid (21.71%) contents of portulaca in this study were greater than the results reported by Artemis. Therefore, we can conclude that Solanum and Asparagus oil are edible and have good nutritive values.     

Simulating the impact of biofuel development on country-wide land-use change in India

India’s growing population and economy generate an increasing demand for energy. Facing the decline of global fossil fuel resources, the Indian government and energy industry are considering the long-term expansion of biofuel production in order to increase energy security. This development leads to a strong competition of energy crops versus food crops for land and may result in an increasing pressure on natural resources. In a pilot scenario study, the LandSHIFT model is applied to assess the impact of biofuel production on land-use change in India up to the year 2030. The model aims at the spatially explicit simulation of land-use change and its relation to other global change processes on the national up to the global scale. It explicitly addresses competition between land-use activities such as human settlement, biofuel production and food production as well as the resulting effects on the spatial extent of natural land. Baseline of the study is a simulation with drivers from the “Order from Strength” scenario of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. To illustrate the consequences of expanded biofuel production for the extent of natural land, we calculate three scenarios of bioethanol production to substitute 5%, 10% and 20% of the expected petrol demand in 2030. In the simulations shown, a comprehensive linkage is made between driving forces (such as population change) and policies (such as biofuel usage) that will affect land-use change over the coming decades.     

印度锅炉设计应注意的问题

随着印度经济的快速发展，其国内电力供应与需求之间的矛盾越来越突出，这为中国电力行业的出口创造了商机。文中根据我公司刚刚完成的印度某项目煤粉锅炉，对锅炉设计中需要注意的问题进行总结归纳，以便为以后的出口工程做些参考。     

Prospects for Traditional Jute Products

Abstract

The world jute production has been decreasing since the beginning of the 80s and is still declining. In such a situation it is necessary to reconsider the future prospects of the industry focusing especially on traditional jute products-sacks and bags, which production comprises 90% or more of the industry's current output.

In looking at future prospects it is usually a good idea to learn from the past. So the article will give a brief illustration of the past and present situation for the jute industry and traditional jute products.     

Air Pollution Due to Opencast Coal Mining and the Characteristics of Air-Borne Dust--An Indian Scenario

Opencast coal mining creates more air pollution problem in respect of dust and the fines contain coal particles, benzene soluble matters etc. To maintain the energy demand, opencast mining has been growing at a phenemenon rate in India. There is no well defined method for assessing the impacts on air quality due to mining projects. An investigation was conducted to evaluate the impacts on air quality and the characteristics of the air-borne dust due to opencast coal mining in Indian context. The study area has been described and the sources of air pollution were identified. Methodology adopted for the selection of air monitoring stations and air pollution monitoring to evaluate the impacts on air environment due to coal mining activities have been discussed. Impacts on air quality have been assessed on the basis upwind and down wind concentrations of air pollutants. SPM and RPM concentrations were found to be very high in work zone as well as surrounding locations. The SPM was subjected to particle size analysis using different techniques. It was observed that the particulates were more respirable in nature and the median diameter was around 20 w . Variation of weight percentages for different size ranges has been discussed as a function of mining activity. Benzene soluble matters and anions in SPM were found to be high in comparison to other areas. Settleable dust and its compositions were also analysed. The methodology adopted for the study may be utilised to assess the actual contribution of air pollutants due to other coal projects.     

Renewable deployment in India: Financing costs and implications for policy

India′s ambitious goals for renewable energy raise many questions regarding the nature of investment required. We conduct financial modeling of actual renewable projects in India; and derive the following insights. First, the high cost of debt is the most pressing problem: higher cost and inferior terms of debt in India may raise the cost of renewable energy by 24–32% compared to the U.S. Second, even if cost of debt goes down, loan terms – including short tenors and variable interest rates – will become significant impediments, given that they add 13–14% to the cost of renewable energy in India compared to the U.S. Finally, due to the high cost of debt, policy lessons from the U.S. and Europe; which focus on finer instruments such as duration of revenue-support, revenue-certainty, investor-risk-perception, and completion/cost-certainty; are not likely to be as effective, with potential impacts on the cost of renewable energy in the 3–11% range. In fact, we find that an interest-rate subsidy, which reduces the cost of debt, reduces the overall subsidy burden by 13–16%. This suggests that Indian policymakers need to prioritize the provision of low-cost, long-term debt and take a closer look at the successful efforts by China and Brazil.