Immobilization of simulated waste into pure Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlore without space occupancy design

In this study, different molar ratios of Nd:Ce were directly mixed with prepared pure Gd₂Zr₂O₇ powders without space occupancy design. Samples were obtained by performing sparking plasma sintering (SPS) at 1750°C for 5 minutes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that maximum solid solubility of simulated radionuclides can reach 50 mol%. In addition, all samples with the maximum solid solubility have high compactness, and all elements are evenly distributed on the surface of the samples. The samples show a better crystallization effect as the molar ratio of Nd:Ce increases. The maximum solid solubility increases from 42 mol% to 50 mol% when the amount of Nd₂O₃ reaches 66 mol%.     

2017～2018年宁波市出生儿童13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗接种率分析

目的分析2017~2018年宁波市出生儿童13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗(13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine,PCV13)的接种率。方法收集宁波市“免疫预防管理信息系统”中2017~2018年出生儿童的PCV13接种信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果宁波市2017~2018年出生儿童221921人,接种PCV13有25124人,≥1剂次接种率为11.32%,其中至少接种3针PCV13的有19212人,≥3剂次接种率为8.66%。25124名<2岁儿童中,首针疫苗接种年龄≤1、2、3、4和≥5月龄者分别为5428、11287、5556、2608和245人,分别占21.60%、44.93%、22.11%、10.38%和0.98%。不同地区、户籍类型、出生年份儿童PCV13≥1和≥3剂次接种率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001),不同地区、性别、户籍类型、出生年份儿童PCV13首针疫苗接种年龄差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论宁波市儿童PCV13接种率处于较低水平,建议将PCV13纳入国家免疫规划项目。     

The electrochemical performance of melt-spun C14-Laves type TiZr-based alloy

The main objective of the present work is to study the effect of rapid solidification on the electrochemical performance of Zr-based Laves type alloy with a nominal composition Ti₁₂Zr_21.5V₁₀Cr_7.5Mn_8.1Co₈Ni_32.2Al_0.4Sn_0.3. The samples were prepared from the as-cast arc melted buttons by melt spinning at different copper wheel rotation speeds of 5, 16.5, 33, and 100 Hz, which are equivalent to linear speeds of 6.3, 21, 41, and 62.8 m s⁻¹ respectively using a cooling wheel with a diameter of 20 cm. The phase composition and morphology of the ribbons were analyzed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microstructural changes of the ribbons induced by the variations in the wheel rotation speed were found to be closely related to the electrochemical performances. High discharge capacities exceeding 400 mAh∙g⁻¹ were achieved for the melt spun samples during the measurements at low current densities. Furthermore, melt spun casting performed at the highest wheel rotation speed of 100 Hz resulted in the best rate performance of the alloy. As this alloy has the smallest crystallite size, this resulted in the shortest H atoms diffusion distances, and thus increased the efficient H diffusion rate and improved the electrochemical performance.     

BN含量对ZrBN合金组织与性能的影响

利用OM、SEM、XRD、维氏硬度以及力学性能试验机等,研究了非自耗电弧熔炼炉制备的ZrBN合金(BN=0.5wt%,0.7wt%,1.0wt%,1.5wt%,2.0wt%)的显微组织、断口形貌、相结构以及力学性能。结果表明:加入BN后,合金中出现了金属间化合物ZrB₂相的衍射峰,且强度随着BN含量的增加而升高。随着BN的加入,合金晶粒尺寸明显细化,且分布均匀,在BN含量到达1.5wt%之后,棒状ZrB₂相尺寸急剧增大。当合金中BN含量为0.5wt%时,合金表现出良好的综合力学性能,其最大压缩强度、屈服强度以及压缩塑性分别为1311 MPa、928 MPa以及16.71%,压缩断口呈韧性断裂模式。随着BN含量的增加,合金的塑韧性显著降低,压缩断口逐渐转呈现为脆性断裂。     

Microstructure and strengthening mechanism of Mg—5.88Zn—0.53Cu—0.16Zr alloy solidified under high pressure

Mg—5.88Zn—0.53Cu—0.16Zr (wt.%) alloy was solidified at 2—6 GPa using high-pressure solidification technology. The microstructure, strengthening mechanism and compressive properties at room temperature were studied using SEM and XRD. The results showed that the microstructure was refined and the secondary dendrite spacing changed from 35 μm at atmospheric pressure to 10 μm at 6 GPa gradually. Also, Mg(Zn,Cu)₂ and MgZnCu eutectic phases were distributed in the shape of network, while under high pressures the second phases (Mg(Zn,Cu)₂ and Mg₇Zn₃) were mainly granular or strip-like. The solid solubility of Zn and Cu in the matrix built up over increasing solidification pressure and reached 4.12% and 0.32% respectively at 6 GPa. The hardness value was HV 90 and the maximum compression resistance was 430 MPa. Therefore, the grain refinement strengthening, the second phase strengthening and the solid solution strengthening are the principal strengthening mechanisms.     

On comparison of luminescence properties of La2Zr2O7 and La2Hf2O7 nanoparticles

Unveiling the underlying mechanisms of properties of functional materials, including the luminescence differences among similar pyrochlores A₂B₂O₇, opens new gateways to select proper hosts for various optoelectronic applications by scientists and engineers. For example, although La₂Zr₂O₇ (LZO) and La₂Hf₂O₇ (LHO) pyrochlores have similar chemical compositional and crystallographic structural features, they demonstrate different luminescence properties both before and after doped with Eu³⁺ ions. Based on our earlier work, LHO-based nanophosphors display higher photo- and radioluminescence intensity, higher quantum efficiency, and longer excited state lifetime compared to LZO-based nanophosphors. Moreover, under electronic O²⁻→Zr⁴⁺/Hf⁴⁺ transition excitation at 306 nm, undoped LHO nanoparticles (NPs) have only violet blue emission, whereas LZO NPs show violet blue and red emissions. In this study, we have combined experimental and density functional theory (DFT) based theoretical calculation to explain the observed results. First, we calculated the density of state (DOS) based on DFT and studied the energetics of ionized oxygen vacancies in the band gaps of LZO and LHO theoretically, which explain their underlying luminescence difference. For Eu³⁺-doped NPs, we performed emission intensity and lifetime calculations and found that the LHOE NPs have higher host to dopant energy transfer efficiency than the LZOE NPs (59.3% vs 24.6%), which accounts for the optical performance superiority of the former over the latter. Moreover, by corroborating our experimental data with the DFT calculations, we suggest that the Eu³⁺ doping states in LHO present at exact energy position (both in majority and minority spin components) where oxygen defect states are located unlike those in LZO. Lastly, both the NPs show negligible photobleaching highlighting their potential for bioimaging applications. This current report provides a deeper understanding of the advantages of LHO over LZO as an advanced host for phosphors, scintillators, and fluoroimmunoassays.     

高效光催化分解水产氢Ni2P/Cd0.5Zn0.5S复合材料的共催化效应

采用沉淀-水热法和低温热磷化法分别制备了Cd0.5Zn0.5S纳米颗粒和Ni2P纳米片，利用超声空化效应合成了价格低廉、分散良好、高效的非贵金属磷化物助催化的Ni2P/Cd0.5Zn0.5S复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、UV-vis、PL以及电化学测试等手段进行了表征测试。以Na2S-Na2SO3为牺牲剂，在可见光(λ ≥ 420 nm)照射下对样品的光催化分解水产氢性能进行评价。结果表明，Ni2P显著提高了Cd0.5Zn0.5S的光催化产氢活性。当Ni2P含量为10 wt%时，复合材料的光催化产氢速率达到19133 μmol?g-1?h-1，为Cd0.5Zn0.5S产氢速率(7865 μmol?g-1?h-1)的2.4倍，且七次光催化循环实验后的产氢速率仍为初始值的91%。这可以归因于复合材料在具有更好的光吸收性能和较低的禁带宽度的同时，Ni2P为Cd0.5Zn0.5S提供的活性中心和界面效应有效地促进了光生载流子的有效分离和快速迁移。     

Low-temperature solution combustion synthesis of high performance LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4

High-voltage LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ spinels were synthesized by a low temperature solution combustion method at 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C for 3 h. The phase composition, structural disordering, micro-morphologies and electrochemical properties of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and constant current charge–discharge test. XRD analysis indicated that single phase LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ powders with disordered Fd-3m structures were obtained by the method at 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. The crystallinity increased with increasing preparation temperatures. XRD and FTIR data indicated that the degree of structural disordering in the product prepared at 800 °C was the largest and in the product prepared at 600 °C was the least. SEM investigation demonstrated that the particle size and the crystal perfection of the products were increased with increasing temperatures. The particles of the product prepared at 600 °C with ~200 nm in size are well developed and homogeneously distributed. Charge/discharge curves and cycling performance tests at different current density indicated that the product prepared at 600 °C had the largest specific capacity and the best cycling performance, due to its high purity, high crystallinity, small particle size as well as moderate amount of Mn³⁺ ions.     

Nanostructured high‐energy xLi2MnO3·(1‐x)LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) cathode materials

Nanostructured lithium‐manganese‐rich nickel‐manganese‐oxide xLi₂MnO₃·(1‐x)LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) composite materials were synthesized via spray pyrolysis using mixed nitrate precursors. All the materials showed a composite structure consisting of Li₂MnO₃ (C2/m) and LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ components, and the amount of Li₂MnO₃‐phase appeared to increase with x, as observed from XRD analysis. These composite materials showed a high‐discharge capacity of about 250 mAhg^?1. In the range of x considered, the layered 0.5Li₂MnO₃·0.5LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ materials displayed the highest capacity and superior cycle stability. Nonetheless, voltage suppression from a layered‐spinel phase transition was observed for all the composites produced. This voltage suppression was dependent of the amount of Li₂MnO₃ phase present in the composite structure. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 443–450, 2014