去结晶小麦秸秆接枝共聚物的性质研究

为制备出适合农业使用的高吸水保水剂,以小麦秸秆(Wheat straw,WS)为原料,比较了NaOH/Urea、稀硫酸和氨水等溶解秸秆的方法,得到了溶解性较好的小麦秸秆匀相体系,通过向该溶解液中加入丙烯酰胺(Acrylic amide,AM)、丙烯酸(Acrylic acid,AA)和交联剂N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide,MBA),借助60 Coγ射线,在室温条件下引发聚合体系的接枝共聚反应,制备出了耐盐型高吸水性树脂。采用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)对各种处理的秸秆及接枝共聚物进行了结构表征。结果表明,NaOH/Urea方法处理小麦秸秆得到的纤维素制备出的树脂其耐盐性和吸水性较稀硫酸和氨水处理得到的吸水性树脂有较大的提升。     

白刺籽粕接枝高吸油树脂NSM-g-P(MMA-co-BA)的制备与性能

以白刺籽粕(NSM)为基材,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为单体,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂合成了高性能吸油树脂NSM-g-P(MMA-co-BA)。利用FTIR、SEM对其进行表征,并研究NSM、BPO、MBA用量、单体配比对树脂吸油率的影响及吸油动力学。结果表明,NSMg-P(MMA-co-BA)是一种表面交联型复合物,NSM粉末在复合物中呈弥散状分散,起到骨架支撑作用。制备树脂的最佳条件为:m(BA)∶m(MMA)=1∶1,ω(BPO)=0.7%,ω(MBA)=0.04%,ω(NSM)=3.1%,于70℃下反应70min。室温下NSM-g-P(MMA-co-BA)对三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、四氯化碳的最大吸油率分别为31.6g/g、36.7g/g、24.4g/g、18.5g/g、32.4g/g,吸油平衡时间约50min。吸油过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸油速率大小为:乙酸乙酯四氯化碳甲苯三氯甲烷二氯甲烷。该树脂对工业机油、油水混合物和水的最大吸油率分别为31.7g/g、24.7g/g、0.09g/g。     

改性磷脂在乳化炸药中的应用研究

为了将大豆浓缩磷脂更好的应用到乳化炸药中,研究以大豆浓缩磷脂为原料,在真空加热搅拌条件下与改性试剂A反应后加碱中和,再经真空干燥使水分含量≤1%制成改性磷脂。探讨改性磷脂替代50%的Span80制成复合乳化剂在乳化炸药中应用,通过对复合乳化剂制备的乳化炸药基质中游离铵含量、粒子形状和粒径大小、储藏时间等分析测定,评价对其稳定性及爆炸性能的影响。在小试基础上应用于中试生产中,并进行乳化炸药的爆炸和60 d储藏实验,结果表明:殉爆距离5 cm 3/3、爆速4630 m·s-1、猛度11.0 mm等性能指标均达到国家标准(GB18095—2000)中2号岩石乳化炸药的要求。     

The improvement of electro‐optical properties of polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals with graft copolymer matrix synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer and atom transfer radical polymerization

Aiming to decrease the memory effect of polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs), a type of graft macroinitiator, synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer and atom transfer radical polymerization, was employed to prepare PDLCs with graft copolymer matrix in our previous work. Compared with linear copolymer matrix PDLCs prepared using a linear macroinitiator, it was found that, although low‐memory‐effect PDLCs were obtained, the driving voltage and transmittance of the PDLCs were unfortunately sacrificed to some extent. Thus, it is necessary to improve the electro‐optical properties of PDLCs on the basis of the original research performed by us. In the work reported in this article, a kind of linear macroinitiator with high refractive index and another graft macroinitiator with flexible branched chains were employed to prepare PDLCs. The results showed that by using mixed macroinitiators, the electro‐optical properties of PDLCs could be improved, and a possible mechanism is proposed.     

Metal complexation studies of amylopectin‐graft‐poly[(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐co‐(acrylic acid)]: a biodegradable synthetic graft copolymer

Synthesis of amylopectin‐graft‐poly[(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐co‐(acrylic acid)] was carried out using solution polymerization technique with potassium persulfate as the initiator. The graft copolymer was characterized by measuring molecular weight using size exclusion chromatography, thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The synthetic graft copolymer was used for the removal of some potentially toxic metal ions, Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II), from their aqueous solutions. Various operating parameters like the amount of adsorbent, solution pH, contact time and temperature were studied. The adsorption data were well described by the pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir isotherm models. Metal complexation studies were carried out experimentally using cyclic voltammetry and UV‐visible and FTIR spectroscopies. The metal complex structure was also studied theoretically using density functional theory with the Gaussian 09 program and the geometry of the complex structure was optimized. The metal complexation ability of the graft polymer was in the order Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Zn(II). Calculation of the various thermodynamic parameters was also done. The negative value of free energy change indicates the spontaneous nature of the adsorption. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

Polydimethylsiloxane macromonomer bearing N‐vinylcaprolactam as end group: thermosensitive graft copolymers via free radical polymerization

A polydimethylsiloxane macromonomer was synthesized via anionic ring‐opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane using N‐vinylcaprolactam anion as initiator and trimethylsilyl chloride as terminating agent. The polydimethylsiloxane macromonomer was copolymerized with N‐vinylcaprolactam in different molar ratios via a free radical mechanism. The new class of graft copolymers thus obtained shows cloud points in water because of an excess of N‐vinylcaprolactam units in the polymer chain. These cloud points can be shifted using randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrin as complexing agent. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

含氟丙烯酸酯单体及其改性氨基硅油的合成方法

氨基硅油是有机硅油中的重要品种,氟原子的引入是提高氨基硅油性能的有效手段。本文简述了含氟丙烯酸酯单体的合成、氨基硅油的接枝改性方法。通过Michael加成接枝氟单体所得最终改性氨基硅油乳液具有良好的防水、防油、耐黄变及稳定性能。     

Creep-resistant dextran-based polyurethane foam as a candidate scaffold for bone tissue engineering: Synthesis,chemico-physical characterization,and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility

A highly crosslinked composite dextran-based scaffold (named DexFoam) was tailored to overcome specific deficiencies of polymeric and ceramic bone scaffolds and to guarantee a bone-mimicking microenvironment for the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. The creep resistance for up to 90% compressive stain, the capability to regain the original shape after deformation, and the good thermal stability in both physiological and “body limit” conditions make DexFoam a valid alternative to the currently available bone scaffolds. Histopathological evaluation for host reaction and tissue colonization of DexFoam scaffold, implanted subcutaneously in mice, demonstrated its in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability.     

Synthesis and Characterization Superabsorbent Polymers Made of Starch,Acrylic Acid,Acrylamide, Poly(Vinyl Alcohol), 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid

Three polymers with excellent absorption properties were synthesized by graft polymerization: soluble starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl alcohol)/potato starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), poly(vinyl alcohol)/potato starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid). Ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate were used as initiators, while N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide was used as the crosslinking agent. The molecular structure of potato and soluble starch grafted by synthetic polymers was characterized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of the resulting materials was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal stability was tested by thermogravimetric measurements. The absorption properties of the obtained biopolymers were tested in deionized water, sodium chroma solutions of various concentrations and in buffer solutions of various pH.     

Polymer grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes via facile in situ solution radical polymerisation

A facile strategy to graft polymers onto the surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was developed via the free radical addition process in the solution radical polymerisation of styrene in presence of the MWCNTs without any pretreatment so that the length of the original MWCNTs remained unchanged. The polystyrene grafted MWCNTs were characterised with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The effect of the amount of the initiator added and of the polymerising temperature on the percentage of grafting (PG%) and conversion of monomer (C%) were calculated from the TGA results. It was found that the maximum PG% of 15.6% was achieved with 0.5% initiator added and the higher polymerising temperature favoured the grafting polymerisation. The proposed method is expected to be extended to other vinyl monomers and offers another diverse way for the sidewall functionalisation of MWCNT.