自修复混凝土技术的现状与发展

自修复混凝土（SHC）技术是一种新型混凝土修补技术,利用混凝土中添加的自修复剂或微生物等使得混凝土中的裂缝自行愈合,从而延长混凝土使用寿命,减少环境污染和资源浪费。本文介绍了自修复混凝土技术的原理、发展、研究热点及未来的趋势和应用前景。     

镁合金表面自清洁、自修复防护膜研究

目的在镁合金表面制备具有自清洁、自修复功能的防护膜,实现镁合金的智能防护。方法采用提拉法在AZ61镁合金表面制备含有pH敏感型"核/壳"纳米结构缓蚀剂的无机-有机杂化硅膜,该膜层具有自清洁、自修复功能。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征膜层表面形貌,利用接触角测量仪(CA)表征膜层的润湿性和粘附性,利用粉笔灰模拟测试膜层的自清洁功能,利用电化学工作站测试膜层的防护性能,并结合分光光度计对缓蚀剂释放浓度的检测来评价膜层的自修复功能。结果制备的膜层中含有大量pH敏感型"核/壳"纳米结构缓蚀剂,且表面粗糙。水在膜层表面的静态接触角高达156.7°,而滚动角只有5°,表明膜层具有超疏水、低粘附特性,这样水滴滚落到膜层表面时,能够带走膜层表面的污染物,从而实现自清洁功能。开路电位及分光光度计测试表明,溶液pH的变化引起膜层中缓蚀剂释放,从而使膜层实现自修复。极化曲线测试结果表明,含有"核/壳"纳米结构缓蚀剂的膜层样品的腐蚀电流密度比镁合金基底样品小了接近2个数量级,其缓蚀效率可达99.36%。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果显示,含有"核/壳"纳米结构缓蚀剂的膜层阻值高达85105Ω·cm~2,且具有较持久的自修复防护能力。结论成功制备了含有pH敏感型"核/壳"纳米结构缓蚀剂的无机-有机杂化硅膜,该膜层具有自清洁、自修复功能以及优异的防护性能。     

紫外光固化聚氨酯自愈合涂层的合成和性能研究

目的 制备一种紫外光（UV）固化聚氨酯自愈合涂层,并研究其自愈合性能。 方法 以2.4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚丙二醇（PPG）、三羟基聚醚多元醇（HSH330）、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）、1,4-丁二醇（BDO）为原料,采用两步法合成UV固化丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯涂层（APU）。使用红外光谱对合成涂层的化学结构进行表征,使用激光共聚焦显微镜对涂层的表界面性能进行分析,并使用拉力试验机考察涂层的力学性能、自愈合性能及成膜性能。结果 FTIR光谱结果表明,合成的涂层是丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯涂层（APU）,810 cm–1处存在来自HEMA的—C=C—双键弯曲振动峰,同时涂层仍呈现出明显的聚氨酯化学结构特性。随着HEMA的引入,涂层硬段质量分数从20%增加至40%的过程中,吸水率从36.8%降至3.1%,弹性模量从0.29 MPa增加至8.69 MPa。自愈合性能测试结果表明,随着HEMA的引入,涂层的自愈合率降低,当APU涂层硬段质量分数超过45%后,涂层失去自愈合能力。结论 制备的APU涂层具有优异的耐水性和致密性,由于HEMA含量的增加限制了软段结构的分子链运动和氢键作用,从而削弱了涂层的自愈合性能。     

表面改性水滑石的制备及其耐腐蚀性能研究

通过水热合成法制备一种硝酸根插层的Zn-Al水滑石,利用静电作用在水滑石表面沉积聚天冬氨酸,以其作为交联剂与缓蚀剂三价铈离子络合,完成对水滑石表面的改性;将改性后的Zn-Al水滑石分散在双组分水性环氧涂层中。扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和X射线衍射 (XRD) 的表面形貌和晶体结构分析、ζ电势测试以及EIS阻抗谱测试结果表明,表面改性后的水滑石应用于环氧涂层中能够起到明显的自修复效果,并能提高涂层的耐腐蚀性能。     

Implications of accelerated self-healing as a key design knob for cross-layer resilience

In this paper we propose a cross-layer accelerated self-healing (CLASH) system which “repairs” its wearout issues in a physical sense through accelerated and active recovery, by which wearout can be reversed while actively applying several accelerated self-healing techniques, such as high temperature and negative voltages. Different from previous solutions of coping with wearout issues (e.g. BTI) by “tolerating”, “slowing down” or “compensating”, which still leave the irreversible (permanent) wearout component unchecked, the proposed solution is able to fully avoid the irreversible wearout through periodic rejuvenation, and this is inspired by the explored frequency dependent behaviors of wearout and (accelerated and active) recovery based on measurements on FPGAs. We demonstrate a case where the chip can always be brought back to the fresh status by employing a pattern of 31-h regular operation (under room temperature and nominal voltage) followed by a 1-h accelerated self-healing (under high temperature and negative voltage). The proposed system integrates the notions of accelerated self-healing across multiple layers of the system stack. At the circuit level, a negative voltage generator and heating elements are designed and implemented; at the architecture level, the core can be allocated in a way such that the dark silicon or redundant resources can be healed by active elements; at the system level, right balance of stress and accelerated/active recovery can be employed by the system scheduler to fully mitigate the wearout; various wearout sensors act as the media between different layers. Overall, these techniques work together to guarantee that the whole system performs for more of the time at higher levels of performance and power efficiency by fully taking advantage of the extra opportunities enabled by the accelerated self-healing.     

A Structure-Properties Relationship Study of Self-Healing Materials Based on Styrene and Furfuryl Methacrylate Cross-Linked via Diels–Alder Chemistry

A series of copolymers of styrene and furfuryl methacrylate characterized by various molecular structures (linear and star, block and random) is synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization, and cross-linked with a bismaleimide by means of thermally reversible Diels–Alder (DA) reaction, to obtain self-healing materials. The prepared materials are studied in terms of gelation, swelling, thermal, and dynamic-mechanical analysis, with the aim of correlating relevant properties to their chemical structure. It is found that the furan/styrene ratio, as well as the molecular architecture, have a major influence on the properties. It is also found that the reversibility of the DA reaction is not complete in the solid state for materials with high cross-linking density. This study provides some important tools for the design of materials characterized by thermally reversible behavior, which find usually application as self-healing thermosets, coatings, or adhesives.     

Stretchable,strong and self-healing hydrogel by oxidized CNT-polymer composite

Acrylamide hydrogel made from poly-acryloyl-6-amino caproic acid (PAACA) was reinforced with functional carbon nanotubes which strengthen composite four times more compare to PAACA, pure hydrogel. Oscillatory rheological experiments improved the special strength and reversible behavior of composite. Structure features and internal cross linking density of the composite were observed by allowing swelling and deswelling of composite in different pH solutions. The crack damaged composite was first self-healed autonomically with in a period of less than 3 min to a same strength observed by mechanical tensile testing. Later pH solution was introduced into crack damaged zone which re-healed the crack in a period of 1 min and strengthen the composite 15% (an average) more than that which re-healed without pH solution. This enhanced reinforcement performance and healing of composite hydrogel with pH solution refers to strong hydrogen bonding of the terminal groups across the interface and hydrophobic, hydrophilic interactions.     

Electrospun Poly(styrene) Fibers as a Protection for the First- and the Second-Generation Grubbs’ Catalyst

The study presents a novel method for protection of the first- and the second-generation Grubbs’ catalyst, by incorporation in poly(styrene) fibers through electrospinning technique. Both catalysts are sensitive to the presence of the amine hardeners in the epoxy-based self-healing composites and require protection from deactivation to retain their ability to promote polymerization reaction of the healing agent. Comparison of healing efficiencies of both catalysts suggested that poly(styrene) fibers offer better protection and dispersion for the first-generation Grubbs’ catalyst, although all the samples exhibited high-healing efficiency. Difference in stereoselectivity between two catalysts was also indicated.     

可仿生自修复的无线传感网络节点设计

为保证无线传感网络的长期稳定运行,提出了一种具有仿生自修复功能的节点设计方法.该方法采用现场可编程模拟阵列(FPAA)实现传感模块内部各电路的信号链路,用信号处理模块监测传感模块内部各电路的工作状态.当传感模块发生异常时,信号处理模块判别其内部异常电路位置,并驱动FPAA启动冗余备份电路,完成了传感模块的信号链路的动态重构,达到了节点自修复的目的.首先介绍了仿生自修复节点的总体设计方案;然后,以应变无线传感网络节点为具体应用对象,设计实现了传感模块可动态重构自修复无线传感网络节点;最后,通过信号异常饱和状态的自修复试验验证了节点的自修复功能.     

纳米Al2O3改性三聚氰胺-脲醛自修复微胶囊的制备及应用

以纳米Al_2O_3改性三聚氰胺-脲醛树脂(MUF)为壁材,环氧树脂为芯材,采用原位聚合法合成了微胶囊,并采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS)、热重分析仪(TGA)等对其表面形貌、结构及热性能等进行了表征和测试;将改性后的微胶囊加入自修复环氧树脂涂层中,并对其热性能、力学性能、自修复性能及电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,当芯壁比为1.5:1、纳米Al_2O_3质量分数为4.5%时,纳米Al_2O_3在壁材中均匀分布,微胶囊的表面粗糙度和热稳定性均增加。当涂层中改性微胶囊质量分数为5%时,涂层的热稳定性提高,且涂层的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度及粘结强度分别提高了111.9%、55.1%、10.6%和51.9%;制备的涂层具备较好的自修复性能;涂层的耐腐蚀性能随着微胶囊质量分数的增大而增强。