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准确的物理数学模型,包括基本控制方程及与其相应的等离子体热力学与输运性质计算公式,是采用数值模拟方法深入研究非平衡热等离子体体系中传热、流动及其他复杂物理化学过程的基础。为此从Boltzmann方程出发,首先推导出描述等离子体中不同组分质量守恒、动量守恒和能量守恒方程以及电流连续性方程等基本控制方程,然后采用修正的Chapman-Enskog方法推导出等离子体输运性质参数,包括扩散系数、粘性系数、电子和重粒子平动热导率和电导率等的表达式。不仅在保证等离子体体系质量、动量、能量和电荷通量自洽的前提下封闭了控制方程,而且与现有广泛采用的描述平衡态热等离子体特性的模型间的自洽性也得到了保证。另外,采用所提出的方法推导出的非平衡热等离子体物理数学模型可以避免对目前仍存在争议的定压比热、反应热导率等参数的定义和计算。 相似文献
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Five turbulence models of Reynolds average Navier-Stokes(RANS),including the standard k-ω model,the RNG k-e model taking into account the low Reynolds number effect,the realizable k-ω model,the SST k-ω model,and the Reynolds stress model(RSM),are employed in the numerical simulations of direct current(DC)arc plasma torches in the range of arc current from 80 A to 240 A and air gas flow rate from 10 m^3 h^-1 to 50 m^3 h^-1.The calculated voltage,electric field intensity,and the heat loss in the arc chamber are compared with the experiments.The results indicate that the arc voltage,the electric field,and the heat loss in the arc chamber calculated by using the standard k-ω model,the RNG k-ωmodel taking into account the low Reynolds number effect,and the realizable k-ω model are much larger than those in the experiments.The RSM predicts relatively close results to the experiments,but fails in the trend of heat loss varying with the gas flow rate.The calculated results of the SST k-ω model are in the best agreement with the experiments,which may be attributed to the reasonable predictions of the turbulence as well as its distribution. 相似文献
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采用横向磁场驱动的滑移弧等离子体发生器,可以产生非平衡、大气压下的氩等离子体。为了研究滑移弧非平衡等离子体的特性,利用光谱仪对滑移弧氩等离子体的光谱特性进行了分析。实验结果发现,在紫外波段(波长300~400nm)与红外波段(波长745~930nm)滑移弧等离子体的谱线较强,其中在紫外波段含有大量分子谱系,在红外波段氩原子谱较强。利用N2分子谱来估算等离子体的重粒子温度,结果约为1 700K;根据实验测得的氩原子谱线强度,可获得等离子体的电子温度约为0.999eV、电子数密度约为9.4×1014 cm-3。因此,滑移弧氩等离子体基本处于非热平衡态,且处于10个2p(Paschen符号)能级上的氩原子密度分布偏离Boltzmann分布。 相似文献
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采用耦合阴极模型模拟轴向磁场对焊接电弧的作用,分析了轴向磁场对焊接电弧位形的作用机制。计算结果显示,随轴向磁场增加:阴极弧根收缩;阴极附近等离子体温度升高,高温核心径向增大,弧柱收缩程度增加;阳极附近弧柱径向张开,中心温度降低;阳极表面电流密度和压力分布呈环状结构;阳极加热面增大,极值温度降低,出现温度平顶;电弧对阳极的传热量增加。分析认为,轴向磁场与电弧径向电流间的Lorentz力作用使近阳极区电弧旋转流动,产生磁抽吸作用,使阴极弧根和近阴极弧柱收缩,而阴极弧根收缩增强了阴极射流,并且抑制近阳极区电弧扩张。 相似文献
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The gliding arc is an important approach to production of non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure, it can offer high-energy efficiency and high-electivity for chemical reactions. In this paper, the gliding arc driven by the transverse magnetic field is described and its velocity is measured by using a photo-multiplier. The mean velocity of the gliding arc increases with increasing magnetic induced-intensity, and its value varies from 7.8 m/s to 32 m/s. 相似文献
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