智能分采技术在西部油田超深水平井应用的适应性分析

智能分采技术是井下智能分层开采与测控技术的简称,主要用于采油井的找水、堵水、分层开采及测试等。其在塔河油田的应用主要受控于井深和完井方式。塔河油田碎屑岩水平井有69.5%的采用套管射孔完井,其平均井深5174m、井温110℃。这些资料表明,智能分采技术可以在塔河油田及与其相似的西部其他油田进行推广,但应结合TK946H井的试验情况,根据具体井况设计全套井下工具、优化施工方案,并精确计算出压强门槛值和调层泵压值。     

波尔多住宅

通过对库拉斯设计在法国波尔多住宅的参观,从体验中思考一些建筑的问题,从而解读库拉斯的创作。     

珠光体偏析带与Ti( C,N)对HG70C钢热轧板拉伸断口分层的影响

针对低合金高强焊接钢HG70C(/%:0.069～0.077C、0.07～0.11Si、1.79～1.83Mn、0.011～0.012P、0.004～0.005S、0.121～0.123Ti、0.046～0.047Nb)8～12 mm板拉伸试验后试样断口出现分层的现象,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪对断口形貌及分层附近区域进行了观察和分析,并且统计分析了实际生产中加热参数。结果表明,该钢种分层与热轧工艺无关,主要与中心珠光体偏析带及偏析处大颗粒Ti的碳氮化物有关,并且在铸坯中发现已有2μm左右的该类析出物颗粒存在,它们成为疲劳源导致拉伸断口分层。     

High-temperature oxidation induced layering process for Si–C–B–N ceramic fibers with SiC nanograins

High-temperature oxidation resistance is important for Si–C–B–N ceramic fibers when reinforcing ceramic matrix composites with superior reliability and faulting tolerance. At present, few studies have investigated on the high-temperature oxidation behavior of Si–C–B–N fibers, limiting their further applications. In this work, we analyzed the high-temperature oxidation process of Si–C–B–N ceramic fibers with SiC nanograins (SiBCN-SiCn fibers) at 1000–1500 °C in air. SiBCN-SiCn fibers stated to be oxidized at 1000 °C, with the formation of thin oxide layer. After oxidizing at 1300 °C, obvious oxide layer that mainly consisted of amorphous SiO₂ could be detected. Further oxidizing at 1500 °C caused the thickness increment of oxide layer, which could inhibit the oxidation products (CO, N₂) to release away from the fibers. The remained CO and N₂ may react with SiC nanograins to form SiO₂ and graphite-like g-C₃N₄, causing the formation of additional transition layer. Our finding may support useful information for the applications of SiBCN-SiCn fibers under harsh environment.     

Model predictive control of continuous layering granulation in fluidised beds with internal product classification

Continuous fluidised bed layering with internal product separation is known to possess unstable steady-states, yielding sustained nonlinear oscillations in the particle size distribution, the key product parameter. In this work, the well-known framework of constrained linear model predictive control is applied to stabilise corresponding unstable steady-states. Performance of the controllers is discussed with respect to design parameters and process constraints, as is robustness to overspray generation and size of formed overspray particles.     

Region-based bas-relief generation from a single image

Bas-relief is an art form part way between sculpture and drawing. In this paper, we present an algorithm for generating a bas-relief from a single image, inspired by the process that artists use to create reliefs. We do not aim to recover exact depth values for objects in the image, which is a tricky computer vision problem, requiring assumptions that are rarely satisfied. Instead, we determine layers based on relative depth ordering of objects (and their parts) in the image, and use this information to construct surfaces in the 3D relief model. Feature lines are extracted and used to build a new region-based representation of the input image. During surface construction, a base surface is first generated; it is then augmented using both intensity and gradient information from the original image. To prevent depth errors arising due to augmentation, a feedback process is used to refine the output. Our experimental results show the generated bas-reliefs have smooth boundaries with appropriate height relationships, a key property of bas-reliefs created by artists. We demonstrate that our algorithm works well for a range of input images, including human faces, flowers and animals.     

Drying Software: Past, Present, and Future

This article reviews the various types of software programs that can be useful for drying. These are divided into five categories—calculation programs, simulators, expert systems, knowledge bases, and ancillary calculations—and examples of each are given. In particular, recent advances in dryer spreadsheets, selection expert systems, and humidity calculation software are highlighted. Models should use an appropriate level of rigor for the available data and the required purpose of the results. Scale-up from experimental drying curves often yields better results in practice than design from published physical properties alone. Possible future developments are considered, and both technical and commercial reasons are suggested why relatively few drying programs have become widely available.     

功能梯度防热材料在高超声速飞行器热防护上的设计研究

研究梯度型防热材料的烧蚀/温度场计算方法,基于分层法,将梯度型防热材料平面结构划分成若干层,每层的材料参数按函数形式变化,在此基础上对材料的热防护方案进行烧蚀/温度场计算。通过与单层均质防热材料、单层均质低密度防热材料、双层式防热材料和夹层式防热材料计算结果的对比分析,指出梯度型防热材料的优势,以及运用于高超声速飞行器需关注和解决的问题。研究结果表明,梯度型防热材料在不增加表面的热解烧蚀量的情况下,能明显减少向内部结构传导的热量,大大减轻防热结构的重量,显示了在高超声速气动热防护领域极高的防热效率和应用前景。     

随钻地层压力检测技术在石油勘探中的应用

通过查阅、分析27口井综合录井随钻压力检测资料,以实例论述了随钻地层压力检测技术不仅在指导安全、优、快钻井方面具有重要价值,而且在地质方面能够及时校正迟到深度,借助岩屑录井进行地层岩性和储层归位及划分储层厚度、地质分层等;使岩屑描述初步定量化,提高岩屑描述质量。利用随钻地层压力资料还可排除气测假异常和识别水层、发现泥、页岩及火成岩等地层中的裂缝储层;与气测和荧光资料配合能及时准确发现油、气层。提高气测录井可靠性和防止压死油气层、解释疑难地质问题等。在此思路的基础上,加大录井地层压力检测资料的开发、研究力度,该项技术的应用范围会不断拓宽,将有着重要的应用前景。     

基于层化IPSec的VPN方案

提出了一种基于层化IPSec的VPN方案。该方案采用层化IPSec保护机制,对数据报不同部分进行区分,提供不同的安全服务,满足新出现的诸如流量工程、QoS、流量分析等应用和服务;在此基础上通过模块化方式设计的VPN模型,不但有利软件与嵌入式实现,而且还可以大幅度降低构建VPN的成本和周期。