The use of normal and heat-treated barley flour and waxy barley starch as anti-staling agents in laboratory and industrial baking processes

Normal and heat-treated barley, both as flour and waxy starch, were added at a concentration of 3% to a white wheat bread. The effect not only of selected additives, but also of laboratory- and industrial baking processes on stalling was evaluated. Laboratory baked breads with heat-treated barley flour differed from control breads with regard to water content, firmness and amylopectin retrogradation. The influence of water content on firmness increased with storage time. All laboratory baked breads with barley additives, except normal barley flour, were less firm after 7 days of storage as compared to the control although amylopectin retrogradation tended to increase. Improved water absorption, and consequently, increased water content and/or different water binding capacities of the flour/starch could explain these results. Industrial baking caused higher water losses, especially in breads containing additives, thus reducing the effects on amylopectin retrogradation and firmness.     

Thermodynamic Modeling of Pure Co Accounting Two Magnetic States for the Fcc Phase

The thermodynamic functions of the pure Co were assessed using CALPAHD method for the third generation thermodynamic databases. To model the magnetic properties of the cobalt, a two-state magnetic model was accounted for the fcc phase. Calculated results were compared with the experimental information and a good fit to the experimental data was achieved.     

A combined reflectometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation setup for surface interaction studies

We have developed an instrument for surface interaction studies, which combines a newly invented four detector optical reflectometry setup with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring. The design is such that data from both techniques can be obtained simultaneously on the same sensor surface, with the same signal-to-noise ratio and time resolution, as for the individual techniques. In addition, synchronized information about structural transformations, molecular mass, and the hydration of thin films on solid surfaces can be obtained on the same specimen, as validated by monitoring the formation of supported lipid bilayers on a silica-coated QCM sensor surface. We emphasize that the optical (molecular) mass can be separated from the acoustic mass including hydrodynamically coupled solvent, which means, in turn, that the amount of solvent sensed by the QCM-D technique can be dynamically resolved during adsorption processes. In addition, the advantage/necessity to use four, compared to two, detector reflectometry is emphasized.     

Light emission of heavily doped AlGaN structures under optical pumping

Spectral,temporal and polarization characteristics of spontaneous and stimulated luminescence of Al0.5Ga0.5N/AlN structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy were studied at the optical pulsed pumping with λ =266 nm.Samples with a high degree of silicon doping were investigated.The vast majority of radiation falls on transitions within the band gap between the levels of defects.As a result,the radiation band embracing the whole visible range of more than 300 THz is observed in both spontaneous radiation and induced luminescence.In spontaneous radiation the band has a smooth spectral intensity distribution over the wavelengths,whereas induced radiation has its sharp peaks corresponding to the mode structure of the planar waveguide.The measured gain of the active medium is g ≈ 70 cm-1 for a weak signal.     

Redshifting and broadening of quantum-well infrared photodetector'sresponse via impurity-free vacancy disordering

The partial intermixing of the well and barrier materials offers unique opportunities to shift locally the bandgap of quantum-well (QW) structures. We have demonstrated redshifting and broadening of the wavelength responses of bound-to-continuum GaAs and InP based quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIP's) after growth via impurity-free vacancy disordering (IFVD). A comprehensive set of experiments is conducted on QWIP's fabricated from both as-grown and multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures. Compared to the as-grown detector, the peak spectral responses of the disordered detectors were shifted to longer wavelengths. The peak absolute response of the disordered GaAs based QWIP is lower by almost a factor of four. However, the responsivity characteristics of the disordered InP based QWIP show no major degradation. In general, with the spectral broadening taken into account, the overall performance of the disordered QWIP's has not dropped significantly. Thus, the postgrowth control of the QW composition profiles by impurity-free vacancy disordering offers unique opportunities to fine tune various aspects of a photodetector's response. Theoretical calculations of the absorption coefficient spectrum are in excellent agreement with the experimental data     

Undoped High-Resistance GaN Buffer Layer for AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors

Technical Physics Letters - It is shown that intentionally undoped high-resistance GaN buffer layers in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with high electron mobility for transistors can be formed by...     

How to Apply Advanced Statistical Analysis to Computational Economics: Methods and Insights

The theme of this special volume concerns advanced statistical analysis. By mining meaningful and important information, advanced statistical analysis can bring new insights to many areas, such as the development of hospitals, the environment, biology, markets, industries, and general economic systems. The contribution of this special volume is to adopt an advanced parametric and nonparametric statistical approach for the exploration of environmental and health care issues in the context of computational economics. The authors have proposed varied methods of advanced statistical analysis combined with practical applications. In terms of theory, the authors suggest designs for advanced theoretical methods. With regard to the application of professional calculation methods to everyday life, the authors have offered useful guidance for future research. The authors have also conducted empirical research by using data from Chinese regions and analyzing specific conditions. In addition, they have conducted empirical analyses of particular issues such as those related to the environment. Although this special volume has provided some methods of advanced scientific analysis for existing problems, other techniques must be applied to everyday life in order to solve the severe difficulties that human beings face.     

Simulation of shale gas transport and production with complex fractures using embedded discrete fracture model

The goal of this study is to develop a new model to simulate gas and water transport in shale nanopores and complex fractures. A new gas diffusivity equation was first derived to consider multiple important physical mechanisms such as gas desorption, gas slippage and diffusion, and non‐Darcy flow. For complex fractures, a state‐of‐the‐art embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) was implemented. Numerical model is verified against a commercial reservoir simulator for shale gas simulation with multiple planar fractures. After that, a series of simulation studies was performed to investigate the impacts of complex gas transport mechanisms and various fracture geometries on well performance. The critical parameters controlling well performance are identified. The simulation results reveal that modeling of gas production from complex fractures as well as modeling important gas transport mechanisms in shale gas reservoirs is extremely significant. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2251–2264, 2018