鄂尔多斯北区地下水水化学特征对应分析研究

结合鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地北区环河含水岩组地下水水化学数据,以地下水中六大离子(K++Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO24-及HCO3-)和TDS为变量,应用对应分析法对环河组地下水水化学特征进行了分析。结果表明:研究区66个样本点被分为3个区,Ⅰ区地下水水化学类型多为SO24-、SO24--Cl-型,Ⅱ区多为HCO3--SO24--Cl-型,Ⅲ区多为HCO3-、HCO3--SO24-、HCO3--Cl-型。     

快速城镇化进程中典型冲洪积扇地下水化学演变特征及影响因素解析

滹沱河冲洪积扇含水层是石家庄市重要的地下水源,在城市供水安全保障中发挥着重要作用。开展地下水化学演变特征及影响因素分析,可科学的识别人为活动对地下水化学的影响,从而为保障地下水安全提供重要依据。通过水化学方法和多元统计方法,对研究区109组地下水和7组地表水样品的16组化学指标进行分析研究。结果表明,地下水HCO_3和HCO_3·SO_4型水在全区分布广泛,HCO_3·Cl和Cl·HCO_3型水主要分布在滹沱河冲洪积扇顶部的南部区域及滹沱河以北的藁城-无极一带。不同时段地下水化学数据对比分析结果显示,研究区地下水化学类型种类由少变多,呈现复杂化的演变特征,且受人类活动影响的地下水化学类型分布范围呈增加趋势。主成分分析结果显示,研究区地下水化学演化主要受控于地下水超采和水岩作用,其次为污水入渗和粪肥渗滤。     

靖边县水源地区域地下水环境变化研究

靖边县饮用水源多为地下水,地下水环境的变化严重影响着当地供水量。为了进一步厘清研究区地下水环境在时间和空间上的变化情况及其影响因素,利用统计学及水文地球化学方法,对研究区地下水位统测结果和90组地下水水样检测结果进行分析。结果表明:1995-2017年研究区内大部分地区地下水位显著下降,在郭家庙等地已经形成较大规模的降落漏斗;地下水中TDS浓度明显增加;部分区域TDS、NO3-超标,尤其是农灌区常年施用含氮肥料导致地下水中NO3-浓度超标且范围不断扩大。因此,当地应及时控制地下水开采量,采用新型灌溉、合理施肥等措施来减缓地下水位的持续下降与水质恶化。     

Catchment‐scale controls on groundwater–surface water interactions in the hyporheic zone: implications for salmon embryo survival

The spatial and temporal variability of groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interactions in the hyporheic zone were investigated in a semi‐pristine upland salmon spawning catchment (Girnock Burn) in the Cairngorm Mountains, northeast Scotland. Stream and hyporheic water quality (200–300 mm depth) were monitored fortnightly at 16 spawning locations distributed throughout the catchment. Hydrochemical tracers were used to assess local GW–SW interactions. Stratified streambed incubators (50–300 mm) provided information on salmon embryo mortality at a sub‐set of ten locations. Hyporheic water quality varied both temporally and spatially according to local GW–SW interactions. It was possible to categorize sites into three broad typologies reflecting local stream–aquifer interactions: (1) groundwater‐dominated; (2) surface water‐dominated; and (3) sites exhibiting transient water table features. Groundwater upwelling occurred in areas where low permeability glacial moraine features caused substantive valley constriction. These locations were also conducive to accumulation of spawning grade gravels and consequently were utilized heavily by spawning salmon. Long residence groundwater was typically characterized by low dissolved oxygen (DO), of sufficiently low quality to be detrimental to salmon embryo survival. At sites dominated by surface water, hyporheic DO remained high throughout and rates of embryo survival were correspondingly high. Survival rates were also high at sites where hydrochemical characteristics indicated a transient water table. This is probably attributable to the hydrological conditions which resulted in increasing DO concentrations towards hatch time when embryo oxygen demand is at its maximum. The degree to which the findings of this study are directly applicable to other catchments is currently unknown. However, similar effects have been observed elsewhere, and based on the information presented here, there are clear implications for fisheries managers who may wish to consider the use of surface incubation facilities to negate the effects of low DO groundwater upwelling where it dominates available spawning habitat. It is suggested that future research should aim to integrate across spatial scales and disciplines to obtain a better understanding of the ways in which hillslope and riparian zone hydrology affect GW–SW interactions, hyporheic zone processes and stream ecology. © Crown copyright 2005. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用环境同位素和模糊聚类方法研究堤防渗漏

利用环境同位素方法对某堤防几个典型段进行渗漏分析,查明了其地下水的渗漏来源,结果表明江都船厂段T1号孔、小菜谭段T23号孔、联盟庄码头T29号孔中的地下水为河水补给来源,T5号孔附近的黑鱼塘水为当地降雨或近期降雨形成的地下水补给,万寿宫段T7号孔中的地下水为河水和当地降雨的混合.应用模糊聚类方法,选取环境同位素和水化学值作为指标特征值,并赋予不同的权重,进行模糊聚类分析,分析结果与环境同位素、水化学定性分析的结论一致.     

乌兰木伦河流域地下水水化学同位素特征及补给关系

研究河水与地下水的水化学同位素特征及相互作用,对流域内水资源的保护与开发利用具有重要意义。以地处神府东胜煤田的黄河流域内的乌兰木伦河流域为研究对象,采用统计分析、Piper三线图和两端元模型分析流域降水、河水、地下水(矿井水、生活井水)的水化学特征、氢氧稳定同位素特征及其分布规律,探讨了流域内降水、河水与地下水的补给关系。水化学分析结果表明：河水的水化学类型为HCO₃-Na型和HCO₃+SO₄-Na型;矿井水的水化学类型为HCO₃-Na型、HCO₃+Cl-Na型和HCO₃+ SO₄-Na型;生活井水的水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca型,矿井水与河水联系较为密切。同位素分析结果表明：地下水受到大气降水和河水的共同补给,三者之间存在水力联系以及一定程度的水体转化。当地下水井深小于135 m时,大多数采样点河水对其补给贡献率为58.47%～80.94%;当地下水井深大于135 m时,河水对其补给贡献率为21.47%～58.69%。在地下水采样点距离河道8.8 km范围内,河水对地下水的补给贡献率超过45%,表明河水是地下水的重要补给来源之一;当地下水采样点距河道超过8.8 km时,河水对其补给贡献较弱。随着水井深度的增加、与河道距离的增大,河水对地下水的补给贡献率越来越小。该研究可为流域水资源管理与保护提供基础支撑。     

疏勒河流域水化学特征及其保护

在分析疏勒河流域水文特征的基础上,重点对其水化学特征进行了较全面的研究.疏勒河流域河水的化学组成虽不尽相同,但大部分河段阴离子中以HCO-3占优势,阳离子中以Ca2+为主.按照水文地质学的方法,根据水中主要阴、阳离子的浓度,将河水分为重碳酸盐类、硫酸盐类和氯化物类三种类型,但大部分河段属重碳酸盐类.根据取样测试,河水的总矿化度为256 12～413 74mg/L,总硬度为3 37～7 16me/L,河水总碱度为2 62～4 25me/L.同时对疏勒河流域河水中微量元素的含量进行了分析研究,对水质状况进行了评价,提出了水环境保护的意见和措施.     

地球水化学测温测压技术在辽河油田千12块中的应用研究

介绍了千12块的储层地质特征,地球水化学测温测压的技术原理,给出了千12块63-447、65-447、64-48、66-48等4口井在蒸汽吞吐第5轮次过程中温度压力变化结果。对比TP-9000型4参数测试仪测试结果表明:地球水化学测温测压技术可提供相对准确的生产动态参数(如吞吐过程中油藏的温度、压力等),且可实现不关井、不停产、不起下管柱、连续大面积的测试,及时准确地为油田高效开发提供理论依据。     

Hydrogeological and Hydrochemical Characteristics of the Partially Flooded Piaseczno Opencast Sulphur Mine in Southeastern Poland

Abstract.  The basic chemical properties of Tertiary (T) and Quaternary (Q) aquifers near the Piaseczno opencast sulphur mine and the water in the open pit, along with the stratigraphy and hydrogeology of the area, were characterized to assess the feasibility of inundating the mine with ground water. Ground water quality varied markedly in the opencast area. A distinct stratification was noted in the pit water; total dissolved solids, calcium, chloride, hardness, and hydrogen sulphide increased from the top water level to the bottom of the pit lake. The concentrations of SO₄^2- and Cl^- in the opencast water were very high, especially in the hypolimnion zone. Based on our preliminary analysis, it appears that an artificial lake formed in the Piaseczno open pit could be used in the future as a fish and wildlife habitat as well as for recreational purposes.