褐煤腐植酸磺化改性工艺及表征

为提高腐植酸的亲水性能,对褐煤腐植酸进行磺化改性。以Na2SO3为磺化剂,以磺化度为考察指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了磺化温度、磺化剂固液比、磺化时间对褐煤磺化腐植酸磺化度的影响,得到褐煤磺化腐植酸最佳制备条件,并通过红外光谱分析和热重分析对褐煤磺化腐植酸性能进行表征。结果表明:磺化温度对褐煤磺化腐植酸磺化度的影响最大,其次为磺化时间,磺化剂固液比影响较小。在磺化温度50℃,磺化剂固液比2∶20,磺化时间90 min条件下制备的褐煤磺化腐植酸磺化度为17.72%。红外光谱表明:褐煤磺化腐植酸含有苯环、羧基、羟基、酚羟基,磺酸基团明显增多,褐煤腐植酸磺化改性成功。热重分析表明:褐煤磺化腐植酸低于200℃时稳定,大于200℃时发生裂解反应;小于330℃裂解反应为吸热过程,大于330℃为放热过程。     

石油醚提取褐煤蜡的条件选择及优化

以石油醚为萃取剂,对云南曲靖褐煤进行了褐煤蜡提取实验研究,采用单因素试验对褐煤蜡提取率影响因素进行选择,并用正交试验设计方法对提取条件进行了优化,对优化产物进行了酸值、皂化值测定。结果表明:对褐煤蜡提取率影响最大的因素是提取温度,其次是水分,提取时间影响最小。优化工艺为:含水量为6.32%,温度为45℃,时间为150min,料液比为1∶4。在此条件下提取率达到4.97%,产物酸值、皂化值分别为:46.95 mg KOH/g、62.03 mg KOH/g。     

Effect of pore characteristics of fine lignite on particle density in separation medium

Effect of porosity on particle density was analyzed, which can be a potential factor of low efficiency. The porosity of particle with different densities was detected by surface area analyzer. In addition, Three-dimensional X-ray micro-imaging system (3D-XRM) was used to analyze the spatial distribution of internal pores. Results show that mesoporous and microporosity content increase with the increase of particle density. Three-dimensional distribution of pores shows that the pores are very rich and show a good connection. The density model including porosity and medium density was established, which shows the effect of medium filling on the change of particle density.     

600MW褐煤锅炉机组水冷壁鼓包原因分析

内蒙古国华呼伦贝尔发电有限公司600 MW褐煤锅炉机组采用墙式切圆燃烧方式。自机组投产后,在历次停机检查中均发现水冷壁鼓包现象。分析认为锅炉水冷壁管表面状态不良、管壁传热差及介质流量不足是造成水冷壁鼓包的主要原因。在此基础上提出严格控制锅炉水冷壁温度、加强炉外水处理等预防和改进措施,避免再次发生水冷壁鼓包问题。     

褐煤超大型直管式气流干燥装置工业生产的设计

根据褐煤高水分、易燃易爆的特点,介绍了褐煤超大型直管式气流干燥装置工业生产的设计思路,针对调试运行过程中出现的问题提出了切实可行的解决方案。     

Experimental investigation on the combustion behaviour of pre-dried Greek lignite

The present paper includes the results of the combustion tests with Greek dried lignite performed at a 1 MWth semi industrial scale pulverized coal combustion facility. Scope of the campaign is the investigation of the combustion behaviour of Greek lignite, i.e. temperature fields, ignition, burnout, emissions, as well as slagging and fouling tendency, while firing with varying levels of recirculated flue gas. Dry coal co-firing conditions in a large scale boiler are simulated by adjusting the volume flow of recirculated flue gas.Two test series representing different boiler operation modes are performed. During the first series the maximum flue gas temperature increase, when co-firing dry coal, is determined, while in the second test series the needed load decrease, in order to keep constant furnace outlet temperature in dry coal co-firing conditions is recorded. A detailed measurement set is carried out including temperature profiles, emissions, fuel, fly ash sampling and slagging and fouling investigations through the installation of dedicated deposition probes.The anticipated increase of the furnace temperature profiles by decreasing the inserted recirculated flue gas is confirmed by the experimental results. No clear trend of dry coal co-combustion on the emissions' behaviour is noticed, while dry coal firing appears to have a moderate effect on the deposition behaviour of Greek lignite. These preliminary investigations indicate that no significant operational problems are expected during a potential future demonstration of dry lignite co-firing in a Greek large scale boiler.     

Hydrogen transfer during co-liquefaction of Elbistan lignite and biomass: liquid product characterization approach

In this study, Elbistan lignite (EL) and manure were liquefied under catalytic conditions in an inert atmosphere. Red mud, tetralin, and distilled water were used as a catalyst and solvent, respectively. The liquefaction studies were carried out under catalytic conditions in the catalyst concentration of 9%, solvent/solid ratio of 3/1, reaction time of 60 min, waste/lignite ratio of 1/3, and at temperature of 400°C. Stirring speed and initial nitrogen pressure were kept constant at 400 rpm and 20 bar, respectively. At the end of liquefaction process, the soluble liquefaction products were separated by successive solvent extraction to preasphaltene, asphaltene, and oils. Oil products characterized by H-NMR to be able to differ hydrogen transfer from manure to EL surface. To obtain the hydrogen transfer way, liquefaction experiments conducted under inert atmosphere which does not related to hydrogen reaction, other above experimental conditions were kept same but only solvent type changed. The reason of using distilled water instead of tetraline is tetraline known as hydrogen donor but not water. Because water behaves supercritical conditions during the liquefaction stage. EL liquefied alone while using tetraline however EL liquefied with manure with using distilled water as a solvent. The obtained oil products form both experiments characterized by H-NMR. The radical groups diffraction and range values are not changed significantly shows that manure behaved as an hydrogen donor. So, EL with manure is the one great option to reduce cost of hydrogen source for direct coal liquefaction plant.     

三种提高褐煤锅炉中速磨煤机干燥出力方法的对比分析

介绍了三种提高褐煤锅炉中速磨煤机制粉系统干燥出力的方法,分析了其系统特征、运行情况及存在的问题,并对优缺点进行对比。结果表明:热一次风蒸汽加热系统布置简单、工程实施难度小、锅炉效率高、成本低、干燥出力提升效果明显。     

Correlation of reactivity to hydrogenation and chemical structure of lignites

Three North Dakota lignites with almost the same percentage carbon have been used to determine the relation between chemical structure and reactivity to hydrogenation. Average structural indices of the lignites were estimated using the pyridine-soluble products after alcohol-alkali treatment, the structural indices obtained at various reaction times being extrapolated to zero reaction time. Hydrogenation was influenced by the average structure, with the lignite having higher aromaticity, higher molecular weight of the pyridine extract from the alcohol-alkali reaction product, larger aromatic ring size and lower content of aliphatic structure, showing a smaller degree of conversion.     

两种缓释材料对氮肥利用率的影响

褐煤、糠醛渣为缓释材料，与氮肥配合施用进行谷子盆栽试验，研究了对氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明，褐煤、糠醛渣分别与氮肥配合对氮肥利用效果总体上比单独施用同水平氮肥好；处理T11（褐煤3．00g、碳铵4．05g）谷子氮肥利用率最高（76．81％），相对氮素利用率提高了60．59％；从经济效益分析，氮素的利用率以处理T5（糠醛渣3．00g、尿素1．50g）的收益最优。