糖蜜及其发酵制品的应用研究进展

糖蜜是制糖工业的副产物。对甘蔗糖蜜、甜菜糖蜜、大豆糖蜜、柑橘糖蜜、石榴糖蜜的来源、成分及它们在各自相关领域的应用进行了简要概括,重点综述了以糖蜜为微生物发酵底物,生产相关活性物质的研究进展以及它们的相关作用,旨在为其在医药、食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供参考依据。     

破乳菌B_3菌株分批发酵动力学分析

以从采油废水中筛选到的一株高效生物破乳菌株B3为试验菌株,为认识其发酵机理并指导发酵工艺设计,利用分批发酵的方法研究破乳菌株B3菌体生长和葡萄糖消耗情况.根据分批发酵实验结果,采用Logistic方程和Lu-edeking-Piret方程,建立破乳菌株B3的菌体生长和葡萄糖消耗动力学模型,利用拟线性法求得破乳菌分批发酵的动力学模型参数.模型计算值与实验值能够较好地拟合,相对误差分别小于9%和6%,表明所建立的动力学模型能够反映B3破乳菌株发酵过程的动力学特征.     

轮船船体阴极保护控制系统的设计

轮船长期在海洋中航行,船体更容易受到微生物附着的损害。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种基于ARM的轮船船体外加电流阴极保护系统,当传感器监测到附着微生物达到一定数量时,系统就会将船体作为一个电极通以电流,此电流方向与腐蚀电流方向相反。并且,阴极提供自由氢的速度超过腐蚀菌去极化作用中利用氢的速度,同时阴极周围的pH升高至抑制硫酸盐还原菌生长繁殖的程度,最终达到保护船体的目的。     

Cooperative effect of chalcopyrite and bornite interactions during bioleaching by mixed moderately thermophilic culture

The cooperative interactions between chalcopyrite and bornite during bioleaching by mixed moderately thermophilic culture were investigated mainly by bioleaching experiments and electrochemical experiments. Bioleaching results showed that a cooperative effect existed between chalcopyrite and bornite. When the mass ratio of chalcopyrite to bornite was 3:1, an extremely high copper extraction of more than 88% was achieved after bioleaching for 27 days. One of the major reasons for the cooperative effect was that a certain redox potential range (370–450 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) could be maintained for a long period of time during bioleaching due to the mixture of chalcopyrite and bornite. Electrochemical measurements revealed that chalcopyrite was much easier to be reduced than oxidized, while bornite was prone to be directly oxidized. Hence, galvanic effect between chalcopyrite and bornite enhanced the reduction of chalcopyrite to secondary copper-iron species and promoted the oxidative dissolution of bornite. Therefore, redox potential controlling and galvanic effect both contributed to the cooperative bioleaching of chalcopyrite and bornite.     

铬污染的微生物吸附技术研究进展

近年来,铬在工业生产中得到了广泛的应用,随之而来的含铬污染物对周围环境造成严重的污染和破坏,铬污染的修复已成为亟待解决的环境问题。微生物在铬污染的生物修复中发挥着重要的作用。它因铬污染修复过程中环保有效,安全可靠且无二次污染等优点,引起了相关学者们的广泛关注。首先简述了铬污染危害及传统处理技术,重点综述了微生物作为生物吸附剂的吸附机理及影响因素,并分别详述了典型细菌,真菌,酵母和藻类吸附Cr(VI)污染物的机理机制及相关研究进展,然后总结了微生物吸附Cr(VI)过程中铬浓度,赋存状态,微生物营养类型,培养条件及代谢产物等的主要影响因素,最后,分析了以微生物作为生物吸附剂所存在的问题并展望了未来的研究方向,结合基因工程和酶工程选育高效工程菌、开展多种技术联合应用等方法提高微生物对铬污染的去除能力。     

食品中病原微生物快速检测技术的研究进展

食品安全直接关系着人类的健康发展,食源性致病菌是影响食品安全的主要因素之一,食品中病原微生物的传统检测技术操作繁琐、周期长,因而发展快捷、可靠、特异的食品病原微生物分析检测技术对食品安全和全人类的健康发展有着非常重要的意义。本文对当前主流的几种快速检测技术进行了总结分析,并对发展新的食品中病原微生物快速检测技术进行了展望。     

提高微生物抗逆性技术的研究进展

微生物体内存在多种抗逆基因或机制,这些机制的发现为定向提高微生物的抗逆性奠定了基础。提高微生物抗逆性的技术主要有过表达抗逆基因,长期适应性进化, genome shuffling（基因组改组）和异源表达抗逆基因等。利用这几种技术增强微生物的抗逆性,在以微生物为主的工业生产和环境污染物降解方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

低温微生物的适冷性及其应用

对低温微生物的概念、分布与分类进行了介绍,主要从低温微生物的适冷性方面综述了其生理特性,在低温环境下对污染物的生物降解作用,讨论了低温微生物在污水处理中的应用,对环境保护具有一定的理论意义。     

Monitoring generic Escherichia coli in reclaimed and surface water used in hydroponically cultivated greenhouse peppers and the influence of fertilizer solutions

Systematic monitoring of indicator microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, can help to identify potential risk factors for faecal contamination in the agricultural environment. In this study, levels of E. coli in irrigation water (both reclaimed and surface water), water sprayed in humidifiers to regulate ambient humidity, and pepper fruits were assessed in a commercial greenhouse of hydroponically cultivated crops. Additionally, the role of fertilizer solutions as a potential vector of contamination was investigated. Lab-scale studies were also performed to evaluate the influence of fertilizer solutions on the growth/survival of E. coli in irrigation water. As expected, higher levels of E. coli were detected in reclaimed water compared with surface water. No link between E. coli prevalence in irrigation water and presence in fruit could be established. Regarding the fertilizer solutions, E. coli was detected more frequently and in higher levels in the fertilizer solution richer in micronutrients. Low concentrations of E. coli were also present in pulverized water sprayed inside the greenhouse to control humidity. In lab-scale experiments, E. coli showed potential for surviving but not for growing in most fertilizer solutions and irrigation water. Fertilizer solution of HNO₃, was the only solution in which no E. coli were able to survive in the irrigation head and a rapid inactivation was observed in lab-scale tests. These results suggest that there is a low risk of contamination in this agricultural system despite the combination of higher risk irrigation water sources (reclaimed and surface water) and the hydroponic growing system. Nevertheless, special care should be taken regarding the microbiological quality of the agricultural solutions in direct contact with the edible parts of the crop.     

Inactivation kinetics of pulsed electric field-resistant strains of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in media of different pH

A study of the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes STCC 5672 and Staphylococcus aureus STCC 4459 in McIlvaine buffer covering a range from pH 3.5 to 7.0 was conducted. Mathematical models based on the Weibull distribution were developed to describe the influence of the electric field strength, treatment time and pH of the treatment medium on the lethality of both Gram positive pathogenic bacteria after PEF treatments. Both microorganisms were more sensitive to PEF in media of low pH, although the influence of the pH on the PEF resistance was more significant in S. aureus. In the best cases scenario, the highest inactivation levels achieved were 3.3 and 6.1 log₁₀ cycles for L. monocytogenes and S. aureus respectively in pH 3.5 after 500 μs of 35 kV/cm. Based on these results and those observed in literature, L. monocytogenes STCC 5672 at any pH investigated has been shown as one of the most PEF resistant microorganism. Therefore, this microorganism should be considered as a possible target microorganism to define process criterion for PEF pasteurization.