某框架-核心筒结构改建的抗震鉴定

随着高层超高层建筑的日益增多,现有的抗震鉴定标准只适用于10层及10层以下的建筑,已经不能满足实际工程的需要.本文对一需进行局部改造的已建高层框架-核心简建筑进行两步综合抗震鉴定评估.第一步以结构抗震概念设计思想为基础对结构进行鉴定,包括结构体系的鉴定、房屋现场调查和检测、框架-核心简结构房屋的抗震构造措施检查等,检测...     

圆形钢管自密实混凝土加固RC方柱偏压性能有限元分析

通过4根短柱(1根RC方柱和3根钢管自密实混凝土加固柱)的偏心受压试验,研究外套钢管自密实混凝土加固法对RC方柱承载力和延性性能的影响,结果表明加固后RC柱的承载力与延性得到大幅提高,且加固柱的承载力随偏心距的增大而减小。为进一步研究钢管壁厚和后浇混凝土强度对加固效果的影响,采用了通用有限元软件ANSYS对加固偏压柱的受力全过程进行了计算分析。经验证,计算所得试件的荷载-变形曲线与试验结果吻合良好。在此基础上对加固柱进行参数分析研究,研究结果表明:偏心距对加固偏压柱的承载力影响最为明显,其次是钢管壁厚,自密实混凝土强度的影响较小。     

Telling tales: using stories to remake energy policy

To benefit and protect the populace, government policies often promise aspirational changes to current practice. Different kinds of narratives are important in the framing, explanation, motivation, and understanding of policies and strategies. For example, the UK government's 2008 Climate Change Act proclaimed that all new homes will be zero carbon by 2016. This ‘hero story’, where society is ‘saved’ by clever technologies, is inspiring, positive and familiar. An alternative is the ‘learning story’, where things are not quite as simple as they first seemed. In a learning story, protagonists are normal people who need to overcome a challenge. In energy policy, the learning story could address the gap between the technical potential and what is achieved in practice. Three real-world examples from retrofit and new-build projects are used to show how implicit narratives can create conflict when the tellers (e.g. researchers) have to tell one kind of story but have data for the other. Recommendations are provided for a balanced approach to the deployment of different kinds of tales by policy-makers, researchers, implementers and users. Harnessing the learning story and developing a ‘caring story’ could motivate policy-makers and the public to invest effort in building performance.     

既有住宅节能改造评估原则与方法——以夏热冬冷地区为例

夏热冬冷地区既有住宅冬季采暖、夏季制冷一般通过空调器来实现,空调器耗电量占住宅用电比例高达62%~67%。通过研究节能改造前后空调用电量的变化来提出住宅节能改造的评估原则和评估方法,从而准确判断拟改造住宅是否符合节能改造的技术、经济、节能与减排要求。     

Quantifying energy demand reduction considering householder willingness to apply measures

ABSTRACT

Reducing energy demand in the domestic sector will be an important feature of future energy systems but is challenging to achieve in practice. Solutions lie in a range of building fabric and system improvements as well as adopting more sustainable routines and conceptions of normality in the home. The impact of such measures has so far been quantified without considering the willingness of the householder to adopt them. This paper uses a modelling approach to evaluate the effectiveness of technical and lifestyle measures to reduce energy demand in six households based on monitoring data and insights from interviews. The results are benchmarked against estimated tailored 2050 reduction targets and demonstrate that although these targets are achievable in the studied homes, householders might not always be willing to apply them. The resultant reduction pathways are shown to vary significantly between households, suggesting that bespoke strategies are needed to allow households to identify and select the most appropriate methods that allow them to maximize demand reduction.     

天然气与煤粉混烧技术在工业锅炉上的应用

介绍了在链条炉的基础上,以煤粉、天然气的悬浮燃烧方式配合火床燃烧的节能改造技术,对一台20t/h快装链条炉改造后,锅炉启动时升温速度提高,负荷调节的响应时间缩短,锅炉灰渣含碳量由原来的20％降低到5％以下,机械不完全燃烧损失大为降低.过量空气系数由改造前的2.5 ～3降低至1.2 ～1.3,大幅减少了锅炉排烟量,降低了锅炉排烟热损失.锅炉热效率由改造前的62％提高至改造后的77％ ～ 80％.     

化工装置扩建改造的目标与瓶颈分析

对化工装置扩建改造的目标与瓶颈进行了分析 ,阐述了目标与瓶颈在扩建改造过程中的相辅相成关系。给出了制定目标和发现瓶颈的一般原则 ,认为发现并去除瓶颈的顺序应该是先考虑信息瓶颈 ,然后考虑强度瓶颈 ,最后再考虑容积瓶颈。结合实例给出了目标与瓶颈分析在扩建改造中的应用。     

Retrofit of RC hollow piers with CFRP sheets

Hollow bridge piers, particularly those built before the seventies, often have insufficient shear capacity due to inadequate transverse reinforcement details. Therefore, special attention must be given to this very important aspect when reinforced concrete (RC) piers with hollow sections are analysed and retrofitted. This paper covers the experimental analysis of retrofit solutions using CFRP sheets along the piers’ entire height to prevent shear failure. Experimental cyclic tests were carried out to evaluate the shear retrofit strategy efficiency on a set of RC piers with square hollow sections. This work also covers the study of design procedures for CFRP shear retrofitting and the evaluation of the associated ductility capacity improvement. The various transverse reinforcement detailing scenarios were assessed to determine their shear-failure prevention efficiency. The corresponding cyclic response behavior was also evaluated. The most relevant experimental information is presented in the paper, such as the evolution of the outer damage pattern. Finally, shear retrofit solutions, with a 40% increase over the maximum flexural force, show that this strategy is adequate to allow satisfactory ductility behavior.     

Economic analysis of upgrading aging residential buildings in China based on dynamic energy consumption and energy price in a market economy

This article employed a standard LCC to conduct economic analysis of upgrading the aging residential buildings in China. According to the current situation, an interest rate of 6%, an inflation rate of 3%, an increase rate of annual energy savings of 2% and an increase rate of electricity price of 2% were assumed in the method. The results indicated that only relying on gradually increasing electricity price and governments' subsidies was not enough. After detailed analysis of the energy saving measures and the distribution of all benefits from building energy retrofit, it was found that actually only 1/3 of original cost was spent only for energy savings, the second 1/3 for both energy savings and good façade appearance and occupants should share the last 1/3 because even if without energy retrofit, they would have to pay the part too. The corresponding results proved that the first 1/3 of investment cost could be drawn back within the residue life cycle, and so the investment could be accepted in a sheer market economy. In the end, a model about distribution of investment cost of and benefits was proposed to adapt the market economy to overcome the financial problems in China.     

环氧玻璃钢在混凝土裂缝修补加固中的应用

本文对四官能环氧树脂[1,1,2,2—四（对羟基苯基）乙烷四缩水甘油醚]在处理混凝土裂缝修补及加固中的应用作了初步探讨,通过工程实例的具体修补加固方法、机理作用及效果作粗浅的阐述。