粉煤灰基沸石对Pb2+的吸附动力学与热力学

以电厂粉煤灰为原料,在传统碱熔-水热法基础上,引入脱硅工艺,制备得到SOD型沸石,运用XRD和SEM技术对合成沸石进行了表征,通过静态平衡吸附实验研究了合成沸石对Pb2+的吸附动力学和热力学特性。表征结果显示,样品的XRD图谱与SOD型沸石标准卡片吻合, SEM图中可见典型的SOD型沸石形貌。结果表明,在初始Pb2+质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、溶液pH值为10、投加量为2 g/L的条件下,合成沸石对Pb2+的去除率即能超过99%;以Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合的最大吸附量为157.2 mg/g;吸附过程可用准二阶和Elovich动力学方程来描述;合成沸石对Pb2+的吸附是自发的吸热过程;该过程以物理吸附为主,并伴随化学吸附。     

沸石对丁苯共聚物/水泥凝结硬化及早期水化的影响

为了解决丁苯共聚物/水泥复合胶凝材料凝结硬化慢的问题,将沸石作为调凝材料,讨论其对复合胶凝材料凝结时间和早期强度的影响,并从水化放热速率和水化产物的角度分析沸石调节凝结硬化的机理.结果表明:沸石能够加速丁苯共聚物/水泥复合胶凝材料的水化,通过促进C_3A和C_3S的水化,缩短复合胶凝材料的水化诱导期,提高加速期最大放热速率,促进AFt和Ca(OH)_2的生成,从而加速复合胶凝材料的凝结硬化,缩短凝结时间,提高早期强度.     

Fish-scale-like nano-porous membrane based on zeolite nanosheets for long stable zinc-based flow battery

Zinc-based flow batteries receive widespread attention due to their advantages of low cost and high energy density. However, zinc dendrites are easy to appear during the charge process, pierce the membrane and thus destroy the battery, which seriously restrict its further development. In this article, MFI-type zeolite nanosheets (ns-MFIs) with high mechanical strength and hydrophobicity are in situ introduced to porous polymer membranes, which spontaneously form turnup fish-scale-like structure through the one-step phase inversion/surface segregation process. This special structure well disperses mechanical energy to provide effective protection characteristics to resist the penetration of zinc dendrites, and meanwhile promotes the uniform zinc depositions on the electrode by alleviating the water migration and accelerating zincate ion diffusion, so as to prolong the cycle life of the battery for more than 600 cycles, which is 4 times and 2.5 times longer than the commercial Nafion 212 and pristine porous polymer membrane, respectively. Moreover, the sub-nano size pores and high-aspect-ratio of ns-MFIs afford membranes extra ion sieving ability and transport area for the charging-balancing ions OH⁻ to ensure superior battery performance, delivering an average coulombic efficiency (CE) of ~98.5%, voltage efficiency (VE) of ~83.2%, and energy efficiency (EE) of ~81.9% at 80 mA/cm².     

MCM-41分子筛催化苯硝化合成研究

以MCM-41(T)分子筛为催化剂,以硝酸作硝化试剂,运用正交试验法对合成工艺条件进行探索,筛选出最优合成条件,硝基苯的收率达83.6%。     

Transient adsorption studies of automotive hydrocarbon traps

A chromatographic adsorption unit was designed and built to study the adsorption of alkanes in zeolites for the hydrocarbon trap systems in three‐way catalysts, to assist in the selection of optimal materials for this application. The experimental apparatus used a zeolite bed in place of the column in an ordinary gas chromatograph and could be accurately modeled to determine the adsorption equilibrium constants for simple alkanes in MFI zeolites. The adsorption of iso‐pentane was studied in BEA zeolites with varying Si/Al₂ ratios, before and after ex situ zeolite aging simulating engine exhaust, and in the presence of water vapor. The elution times were shown to depend directly on the zeolite adsorption capacity. The primary effect of water was to decrease the iso‐pentane adsorption capacity by partial filling of the zeolite pores through adsorption of water at acid sites. Some implications of this work for choosing the best materials for hydrocarbon trapping are discussed. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2875–2881, 2014     

低硅铝比X分子筛合成研究进展

综述了低硅铝比X分子筛合成的研究进展,分别从常规化学药品原料、非常规原料高岭土和其他原料进行了评述,并分析了各种原料和合成方法的优缺点,详细介绍了常规原料合成低硅铝比X分子筛的几种方法,重点讨论了在钾钠体系下低温老化高温晶化两步法合成低硅铝比X分子筛的研究进展,指出了高岭土和常规原料合成低硅铝比X分子筛存在物料不纯、活性不足、预处理工序复杂问题和不足。     

A,X,P型分子筛的原位制备与结构控制

以天然矿物红辉沸石为原料,采用"酸处理红辉沸石--碱--铝酸钠--水"水热反应体系,在晶化温度95℃,晶化时间为7h条件下,根据不同分子筛相应结构比,通过控制SiO2/Al2O3,SiO2/Na2O和H2O/Na2O的摩尔比,制备出A、X、P型分子筛,并通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、Fourier红外光谱和热重--差热分析仅分析相应结构和性能特征。结果表明,生成的A、X、P型分子筛分别为立方四面体,立方八面体和四方晶系结构,结晶度分别高达97%,96%和97%,体积粒径范围分别为3.5~4μm、2~3μm和1~3μm,脱水活化能分别达到35.48、30.03和19.11kcal/mol,产率分别为94.7%、91.4%和90.2%。     

HZSM-5催化甲醇制丙烯工艺条件的考察

以工业应用的HZSM-5为催化剂,在连续固定床反应器中考察了反应温度和甲醇分压对甲醇制丙烯反应产物的影响,发现当温度大于450℃时,随着温度的升高,甲醇的转化率都能达到99%以上,乙烯和丙烯的总选择性增加,低碳烷烃选择性增加,高碳产物选择性下降;随着甲醇分压降低,甲醇转化率下降,产物丙烯/乙烯质量比(P/E比)增加,丙烯在甲醇分压为33 kPa时达到最高值,而当分压极低时,催化剂快速失活。从转化率、丙烯选择性、P/E比以及低碳烯烃产物选择性等多方面综合考虑,甲醇转化制丙烯的反应温度优选470℃,并建议甲醇分压为33 kPa。     

改性沸石在水处理中的应用

介绍了沸石改性的方法,及其在水处理中的应用,并展望了改性沸石在未来水处理领域的应用前景。     

高岭土合成Y型分子筛研究进展

综述高岭土合成Y型分子筛研究进展,分别从原位合成、纳米分子筛、高硅分子筛和其他合成方法进行评述,并分析各种合成方法的优缺点。原位合成Y型分子筛是合成性质优良Y型分子筛的重要方法,相关研究不断深化成熟,以此方法合成特殊性能的Y型分子筛成功应用于催化裂化催化剂。合成具有特殊形态和结构组成的分子筛如小晶粒Y型分子筛、高硅Y型分子筛是近年来的研究热点。分别从优化合成条件、加入分散剂和使用微波加热法介绍小晶粒Y型分子筛合成研究进展。高硅Y型分子筛的合成主要分为直接合成和二次改性方法,直接合成法反应条件苛刻,存在原料浪费等问题;二次改性方法工艺流程长,易导致合成成本增加。重点讨论具有特种性能的特种Y型分子筛合成研究进展,对离子液体合成Y型分子筛、干胶转化合成Y型分子筛和高岭土合成复合分子筛等新方法进行综述,并结合其他先进的分子筛合成方法,指出Y型分子筛合成的研究方向和前景。