北京地区牡丹专类园的植物景观研究

牡丹专类园是集中收集和展示牡丹种质资源的场地,是北京地区春天重要的赏花景点。北京地区的牡丹栽植始于元代,发展至今已有14个牡丹专类园。对北京植物园牡丹园、景山公园牡丹园、中国科学院植物研究所牡丹园、圆明园镂月开云景点、中山公园牡丹观赏区5个有代表性的牡丹园进行调研,绘制平面图,分析牡丹园的总体布局、牡丹的种植分布、牡丹品种应用,并运用SBE法筛选出7种美景度值较高的植物配置模式,为其他地区的牡丹园植物景观设计提供参考。     

Distribution of quercetin-3,4′-O-diglucoside,quercetin-4′-O-monoglucoside,and quercetin in different parts of the onion bulb (Allium cepa L.) influenced by genotype

Flavonoids have gained much attention because of their proposed positive effects for human health. Onions are a rich source of flavonoids, consisting mainly of the major flavonols quercetin-3,4′-O-diglucoside (QDG) and quercetin-4′-O-monoglucoside (QMG) in the bulb and the aglycone quercetin in the outer scales. In this study, distribution of these three flavonoids was determined in 16 onion cultivars (Allium cepa) using HPLC–DAD. Three different parts of the onion bulb, the inner layers, the middle layers and the outer scales were analysed. The analysis showed varietal differences in the selected onion cultivars. The cultivars with the highest total flavonoid content were the red skinned ‘Red Baron’ and the yellow skinned cultivars ‘Ailsa Craig’ and ‘Prilep’. The distribution of the total flavonoid content in the different parts of the onion bulb showed the following order: middle layers > outer scales > inner layers. In the inner layers QDG was the major flavonoid, while in the middle layers QDG and QMG were in equal amounts. In the outer scales quercetin was the major flavonoid prior to QMG.     

我国江淮产区主要芝麻品种的SRAP指纹图谱分析

利用SRAP分子标记对江淮主产区8个芝麻品种进行指纹图谱分析。32对有效扩增的引物中有27对扩增出多态性,占84．37％;27对多态性引物共扩增465个位点,多态性位点158个,占33．98％;平均每对引物可检测位点17．22个,其中多态性位点平均5．85个;8个品种相互间的相似系数在0．7861—0．9711之间,平均为0．9079;用一对引物Em07／Me09便可将8份芝麻品种区分开来,用其构建的指纹图谱的置信概率达到99．6948％。     

樱花园植物景观设计要点及樱花群落美景度评价研究 以北京和武汉为例

樱花园是樱属植物种质资源保存基地,具有重要的观赏、科研、科普功能。在我国已有几十年的发展历史,但对其植物景观设计的系统研究却较少。因此,以北京玉渊潭、武汉大学、东湖磨山3个著名的樱花园为研究对象,对其布局分区、樱花品种、植物种类应用、种植设计、樱花群落评价等进行深入分析。归纳出樱花园的布局及种植设计特点,应用的樱花品种、其它搭配植物以及5个最佳的樱花配置模式。     

Multiscale recognition of legume varieties based on leaf venation images

In this work we propose an automatic low cost procedure aimed at classifying legume species and varieties based exclusively on the characterization and analysis of the leaf venation network. The identification of leaf venation patterns which are characteristic for each species or variety is not an easy task since in some situations (specially for cultivars from the same species) the vein differences are visually indistinguishable for humans. The proposed procedure takes as input leaf images acquired using a standard scanner, processes the images in order to segment the veins at different scales, and measures different traits on them. We use these features in combination with modern automatic classifiers and feature selection techniques in order to perform recognition. The process was initially applied to recognize three different legumes in order to evaluate the improvements over previous works in the literature, and then it was employed to distinguish three diverse soybean cultivars. The results show the improvements achieved by the usage of the multiscale features. The cultivar recognition is a more challenging problem, since the experts cannot distinguish evident differences in plain sight. However, we achieve acceptable classification results. We also analyze the feature relevance and identify, for each classifier, a small set of distinctive traits to differentiate the species and varieties.     

Structural and physicochemical properties of banana resistant starch from four cultivars

Resistant starches were isolated from four banana cultivars: Musa AAA Cavendish, Musa ABB Bluggoe, Musa ABB Pisan Awak, and Musa AA Pisang mas. The structural and physicochemical properties of banana resistant starches were studied. Results showed that the particle size and shape of four banana resistant starches were different. Cavendish and Bluggoe banana resistant starch had a C-type crystalline structure, whereas Pisan Awak and Pisang mas had a B-type. The water-holding capacity of Pisang mas was the maximum. The solubility of Pisan Awak and Pisang mas was higher as compared to Cavendish and Bluggoe. The transparency of Cavendish banana resistant starch was the highest. More amylose was observed in Bluggoe and Pisan Awak banana resistant starch, whereas more amylopectin was observed in Cavendish and Pisang mas banana resistant starch. The initial pasting temperatures of Cavendish and Bluggoe banana resistant starches were higher as compared to Pisan Awak and Pisang mas banana resistant starch. The peak viscosity of Cavendish banana resistant starch was the highest in these four samples. The heat stability of Bluggoe banana resistant starch was the best one in the four banana resistant starches. The retrogradation was hard in the case of Bluggoe and Pisan Awak banana resistant starch. In conclusion, the properties of the four banana resistant starch samples were not the same, indicating that these could be used in different food products.     

Effects of current storage conditions on nutrient retention in several varieties of potatoes from Tenerife

The evolution of moisture, starch, amylose, ash, fructose, sucrose, glucose and ascorbic acid was studied in five cultivars of Tenerife potatoes in order to evaluate their variation during storage at 12 °C and 90% humidity. Differences in behaviour were detected among cultivars in relation to the period of storage under these conditions. The Negra cultivar presented the worst behaviour in storage, while the Bonita and Colorada cultivars presented the best. The moisture remained constant for the first 6 weeks; afterwards; a significant decrease was observed. A progressive decrease of starch (dry basis) over the time of storage was detected, while an increase of reducing sugars occurred. The amylose/amylopectin ratio increased during the first 6 weeks of storage. The concentration of vitamin C decreased markedly during the storage, and, after the 20th week, the content had decreased by more than 50%.     

Phenolic composition and free radical scavenging activity of different apple varieties in relation to the cultivar,tissue type and storage

The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of genotype, tissue type and cold storage on the bioactive compounds content and on the antiradical activity (AA) of different apple cultivars (Golden cl. B, Fuji cl. Kiku8, Braeburn cl. Hillwell). The content of analysed phyto-compounds depended on the clone, on the part of fruit, and to a minor extent, on the storage. For EC₅₀ data, the cultivar represented the main source of variation and the interaction with the type of tissue, was significant. The AA of apples, measured by means of the DPPH test, was highly correlated to the flavan-3-ols content, which represents a good predictor of the apple antiradical power. The new Braeburn’s clone, the Hillwell, had the worst AA related to a minor phyto-chemical content. Also, its phenolic content was dramatically reduced after cold storage (flesh: −50%; peels: −20%; p < 0.05). Obtained results underlined the key role of the genotype on the content of the nutraceutical power of apples, which is important to improve their quality and consumption benefits, suggesting to the breeders to pay more attention to the potential healthy compounds in the development of new hybrids.     

创建"梅(Prunus mume)品种国际登录精品园"有感--陈俊愉教授与梅花

著名梅专家陈俊愉教授是梅品种国际登录权威.介绍了陈教授对梅花研究和梅事业的杰出贡献以及创建北京"梅品种国际登录精品园"的重大意义.