Thermo-economic analysis and optimization of a combined Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system with LNG cold energy and waste heat recovery of dual-fuel marine engine

A combined Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system with liquefied nature gas (LNG) cold energy and dual-fuel (DF) marine engine waste heat utilization was proposed. Engine exhaust gas and engine jacket cooling water were adopted as parallel heat sources. Thermo-economic analyses of the proposed system with 32 working fluids combinations were performed. Two objective functions covering thermal efficiencies and economic index were employed for performance evaluation. Afterward, the effects of operation pressure on the objective functions were investigated. Finally, the optimal conditions were obtained from the Pareto front with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) method. The results show that the proposed ORC system has better energy recovery performances than the parallel ORC system. R1150-R600a-R290, R1150-R601a-R600a, and R170-R601-R290 are determined as the three most promising working fluids combinations. Under optimized conditions, the output power range is 199.97 to 218.51 kW, the energy efficiency range is 13.64% to 15.62%, and the exergy efficiency range is 25.29% to 27.3%. The payback period ranges from 8.36 to 8.74 years. The working fluids selection helps to reduce the exergy destruction of intermediate heat exchanger, which could be up to 30.59%.     

Approach to monitor large two-phase LNG flows

A new version of a system to monitor the average void fraction, φ, the quality, x, and the mass flow rate, G, of two-phase liquefied natural gas (LNG) flows is offered. It is based on a combination of a gamma-densitometer with a Cs-137 radioactive source and a narrowing device. The metrological characteristics of this system are estimated and its practical realization is substantiated. A model of ID =100 mm has been manufactured and tested at the State Primary Special Standard of the Unit of Mass Flow Rate of Gas-Liquid Mixtures GET 195-2011 (Kazan, Russia) with simulated two-phase flows “Exxsol – compressed air”. The offered system can be used for pipelines up to ID =500 mm by applying a gamma source with the necessary activity. The experiments on GET 195–2011 have shown that the void fraction error and the relative mass flow rate error for Exxsol do not exceed 5% and 2%, respectively, at φ<50%. It appears to be suitable for practical application. If one adds a second gamma-source (for example, Am-241) to the proposed system, it can serve as a separationless three-phase flow-meter for mixtures “oil-gas-formation water”.     

LNG接收站BOG压缩机活塞故障分析

BOG压缩机迷宫式密封的活塞在磨合过程中出现撞缸与拉缸,在拆解分析后,对其进行相应的修复与整改,指出了出现该故障的根本质原因,提出了改进建议。     

LNG储罐区防液堤的设计探讨

结合工程实例,探讨了LNG储罐区防液堤设计中有效容积和形状的确定、混凝土材料的选择和配置.针对提高防液堤的抗低温和耐高温性能,提出了建议.     

Steam reforming of liquefied natural gas (LNG) for hydrogen production over nickel–boron–alumina xerogel catalyst

A series of mesoporous nickel–boron–alumina xerogel (x-NBA) catalysts with different boron/nickel molar ratio (x = 0–1) were prepared by an epoxide-driven sol–gel method. The effect of boron/nickel molar ratio on the catalytic activities and physicochemical properties of nickel–boron–alumina xerogel catalysts was investigated in the steam reforming of liquefied natural gas (LNG). All the mesoporous x-NBA catalysts showed similar surface area. Introduction of boron increased interaction between nickel and support. In addition, introduction of boron into x-NBA catalysts reduced methane activation energy and increased nickel surface area. Promotion of boron had a positive effect on the catalytic activity due to the increase of adsorbed methane and nickel surface area. The amount of adsorbed methane and nickel surface area exhibited volcano-shaped trends with respect to boron/nickel molar ratio. LNG conversion and hydrogen yield increased with increasing the amount of adsorbed methane and with increasing nickel surface area. Among the catalysts, 0.3-NBA, which retained the largest amount of adsorbed methane and the highest nickel surface area, showed the best catalytic performance. It was also revealed that x-NBA catalysts showed strong coke resistance during the steam reforming reaction.     

中国石油唐山LNG项目站址技术评估与比选

针对中国石油唐山LNG项目如何选址的问题,将备选的原拟定站址（第一方案）、原站址让位给原油码头后向东北移动的站址（第二方案）、两港池之间陆域顺岸侧站址（第三方案）、港区西南侧站址（第四方案）的4个站址方案采用相关国际标准及国内外案例分析相结合的方法进行定性评估,并对优选站址采用包括对站址地震安全分析、站址码头作业时间分析、冰凌期对接收站码头影响分析及LNG船舶航行模拟4种模拟技术作定量分析,经过定性与定量分析最终选择第二方案为唐山LNG项目接收站站址的优选方案。     

Numerical investigation of supercritical LNG convective heat transfer in a horizontal serpentine tube

The submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) is indispensable general equipment for liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminals. In this paper, numerical simulation was conducted to get insight into the flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical LNG on the tube-side of SCV. The SST model with enhanced wall treatment method was utilized to handle the coupled wall-to-LNG heat transfer. The thermal–physical properties of LNG under supercritical pressure were used for this study. After the validation of model and method, the effects of mass flux, outer wall temperature and inlet pressure on the heat transfer behaviors were discussed in detail. Then the non-uniformity heat transfer mechanism of supercritical LNG and effect of natural convection due to buoyancy change in the tube was discussed based on the numerical results. Moreover, different flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the bend tube sections were also analyzed. The obtained numerical results showed that the local surface heat transfer coefficient attained its peak value when the bulk LNG temperature approached the so-called pseudo-critical temperature. Higher mass flux could eliminate the heat transfer deteriorations due to the increase of turbulent diffusion. An increase of outer wall temperature had a significant influence on diminishing heat transfer ability of LNG. The maximum surface heat transfer coefficient strongly depended on inlet pressure. Bend tube sections could enhance the heat transfer due to secondary flow phenomenon. Furthermore, based on the current simulation results, a new dimensionless, semi-theoretical empirical correlation was developed for supercritical LNG convective heat transfer in a horizontal serpentine tube. The paper provided the mechanism of heat transfer for the design of high-efficiency SCV.     

小儿急性腹泻的临床治疗分析

目的:综合探析小儿急性腹泻的临床治疗措施与效果。方法:选取2012年3月-2013年3月本院接收的150例小儿急性腹泻患者为研究对象,将其均分成三组(A、B组和C组),每组50例。A组患者接受清开灵治疗,B组患者接受利巴韦林治疗,C组患者接受抗生素、消旋卡多曲联合ORS治疗。结果:C组治疗效果优于其他组(P<0.05)。结论:对小儿急性腹泻患者来说,采用抗生素、消旋卡多曲联合ORS治疗具有较高的治疗效果,值得在临床上大力推广。     

大型LNG储罐罐底保冷力学强度校核设计浅析

罐底保冷设计及力学强度校核是大型液化天然气（LNG）储罐设计的核心技术之一。大型LNG储罐底部保冷层应能承受上部LNG产品及储罐本体重量，所以保温层应具有足够的抗压强度；同时罐底部保冷层可能受到横向作用力，因此设计需对罐底保冷层进行承载能力校核以确保投产后罐底泡沫玻璃砖不被压碎破坏。本文以国内某已建LNG项目储罐罐底保冷系统基本参数为例，对其在运行工况重量荷载、水压试验、地震等工况作用下进行了力学抗压强度校核设计，结果表明罐底保冷层具有较大安全系数，力学富裕量满足规范要求。     

LNG接收站蒸发气体处理工艺

介绍了目前LNG接收站蒸发气体BOG的处理方式,并针对现有工艺存在系统功耗大及天然气管网负荷波动时操作困难等方面的问题,提出了BOG预冷的再冷凝工艺流程.与现有工艺比较.BOG预冷工艺在LNG外输量较少时能完全液化BOG,避免外排烧掉的能源浪费,且系统在正常输气负荷能实现低压操作,降低BOG压缩机功耗,改善LNG下游管...