高模量聚丙烯专用料的开发

通过在聚丙烯中添加纳米蒙脱土的改性方法,开发了高模量聚丙烯专用料。着重研究了蒙脱土活化处理及加工条件等对专用料性能的影响。结果表明,在采用蒙脱石质量分数为75%的普通蒙脱土时,专用料弯曲模量提高60%以上,冲击强度提高一倍,回缩率降低35%,并且加工性能良好。     

冷却工艺对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃强度及热膨胀性能的影响

将某一固定组成的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃烧结到一定温度后,采用不同的冷却工艺得到若干试样。通过X衍射分析、抗折强度和热膨胀系数的测定,研究了冷却温度制度对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃强度及热膨胀性能的影响。研究发现随着微晶玻璃的起始冷却温度逐渐升高,试样的抗折强度逐渐提高,热膨胀系数逐渐减小。     

Tensile strength and morphological investigation of SiC-coated carbon fibers

SiC-coated film onto carbon fibers as a barrier of oxidation resistance and reaction between carbon fibers and metals was investigated. The chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide onto carbon fibers was performed at various temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000°C using triisopropylsilane vapor carried by hydrogen gas. The strength of the SiC-coated carbon fibers was decreased due to deterioration of fibers and chemical attack of hydrogen on the surface of carbon fibers during the coating process. The oxidation and the thermal resistance of the SiC-coated carbon fibers compared to the uncoated carbon fibers were improved at temperature range of 600–800°C and 1000–1200°C, respectively. Morphological change by air oxidation at temperature range of 500–800‡C was also investigated for the SiC-coated and the uncoated carbon fibers, respectively. The SiC-coated film between carbon fiber and aluminum was sufficient as a barrier of reaction on carbon fiber reinforced aluminum at temperature of above 1000°C.     

磷石膏生产墙体材料可行性研究

通过正交试验获得磷石膏—矿渣—粉煤灰—石灰—水泥胶凝体系的优化配合比为磷石膏∶矿渣∶粉煤灰∶生石灰∶水泥=30∶25∶24.5∶10.5∶10,并通过XRD、SEM微观分析手段和宏观测定强度的方法探讨了养护制度对该胶凝体系性能的影响。研究结果表明：该胶结料90℃下蒸养7 h,然后自然养护,28 d抗压强度高达43.9MPa,凝结时间正常,耐水性良好。胶结料强度随养护温度的升高而增加;90℃下,胶结料强度随蒸养时间的增加而增加,此温度下蒸养13 h所得制品,7 d抗压强度便达到39.6 MPa。利用最优配比成型的免烧砖能达到非烧结粘土砖15级的要求。     

养护温度对高强轻集料混凝土强度和抗渗性的影响

研究了高强轻集料混凝土在高温养护条件下强度和抗渗性变化情况。Cl^-抗渗性采用电场加速方法;水抗渗性采用表面吸水法测试。结果表明,湿集料混凝土在50℃后强度就急速下降,而干集料混凝土85℃养护时温度下降不明显。混凝土Cl^-抗渗性和电阻随养护温度的提高而降低,且干集料混凝土的Cl^-抗渗性和电阻比湿集料混凝土要高得多。养护温度对水的渗透性无显著影响,但湿集料混凝土的吸水量要比干集料混凝土高出20％左右。干集料混凝土抗渗性好的原因是由于干集料的吸水作用使得混凝土过渡层变得致密所致。     

氧化铝掺杂聚酰亚胺纳米复合薄膜的制备与性能研究

通过溶液法，成功地制备了氧化铝掺杂聚酰亚胺纳米复合薄膜。探讨了Al2O3用量对聚酰亚胺纳米复合薄膜拉伸强度、热性能、电气强度的影响。结果发现，当Al2O3的质量分数达到5％时，整个复合体系的拉伸强度达到最大，相对于聚酰亚胺母体，复合材料的拉伸强度提高了16％；当Al2O3用量较小时，对聚酰亚胺纳米复合薄膜的Td10的影响不大，但当Al2O3的质量分数超过15％时，Td10则随Al2O3用量的增加而下降；同时实验结果表明，Al2O3的引入可以在一定程度上改善其复合体系的电气强度。     

针对多目标的分布式多边融合定位

针对基于接收信号强度指数(Received Signal Strength Indicator,RSSI)的多目标定位问题,结合点估计与椭圆估计算法,提出一种新的分布式多边融合定位(Distributed Multi-lateral Fusion Localization,DMFL)算法.首先,通过多边定位算法进行粗定位,估计目标的大致位置.其次,基于区间分析理论在线获取泰勒展式高阶余项的边界,并通过集员递归算法求解多目标定位问题.最后,通过实验和仿真验证该算法的定位性能.结果表明,在相同的节点布置条件下,与最新的RSSI定位算法相比,该算法的定位精度更高,最大误差小于0.3 m,并可提供保证包含目标真实位置的最优区域.     

基于三个定向天线RSS的二维到达角估计

在室内定位设计中,接收信号强度（RSS）容易受到发射功率、信号衰减和多径环境等因素的影响。在锚节点天线高于被测节点天线的应用条件下,提出一种基于RSS的二维到达角（AoA）估计方法。将三个定向天线作为锚节点的波束切换天线且三个波束的方向图重叠,在测向技术中的和差法理论基础上,从多径信号分析和克拉美罗下界推导的角度出发,论证当AoA处于方向图重叠区域时RSS差分处理对于多径和噪声干扰具有一定程度的抑制作用,并研究该抑制效果与波束切换天线参数之间的关系。仿真结果表明,在单个锚节点条件下,该方法在约150 m²的定位区域范围内获得的平均AoA估计误差为4.3°,具有较高的AoA估计和定位精度。     

Mathematical Advancement of General Chlorine Bulk Decay Model

An accurate chlorine bulk decay model is needed to ensure that potable water meets the microbial and the chemical safeties at the treatment plant and throughout the distribution. Among the mathematical models available,the general second-order chlorine bulk decay model( GBDM) is the most fundamentally sound.Application of the GBDM,however,has been hindered by its numerous fictive parameters and lack of an analytical solution. This theoretical work removes the two obstacles. The GBDM is solved through transformation and integration. The analytical solution provides deep insights into the GBDM and facilitates the parameterization and sensitivity analysis. The background natural organic matter( NOM) is characterized with the probabilistic distribution of functional groups. It reveals that the mean of the function group distribution is correlated with the initial chlorine decay rate coefficient( κ_0). A simple formula is developed to determine κ_0 directly from the initial chlorine decay. The theoretical treatment reduces the fictive parameters to a minimum. For the common lognormal distribution,the GBDM needs only three parameters,well defined as initial chlorine demand X_0,median rate coefficient km,and heterogeneity index σ. For more complicated scenarios,composite distributions are constructed through superposition of individual distributions. A highlighted example is to predict chlorine decay in blends of different waters. With the theoretical and mathematical advancement here,the GBDM can be applied effectively to any reactive background matter in any reaction systems.     

不同改良剂对不同含砂率粉土改良性质研究

通过人工室内配制不同含砂率(10%、20%、40%)粉土,对其进行改良试验,研究在不同改良剂(石灰+水玻璃、石灰+粉煤灰)、不同配比作用下3种含砂率粉土的改良效果,研究结果表明:随着含砂率的增加,无论是素土还是改良土,其最大干密度均增大;对于石灰+水玻璃改良土,其最大干密度较素土有明显的降低,而石灰+粉煤灰改良土与之相反;石灰+水玻璃改良土最优含水率与素土略有差别,而石灰+粉煤灰改良土与素土最优含水率基本一致;在同一含砂率下,对于不同配比的石灰+水玻璃改良土,其最大压实度和最优含水率并未发生较大变化,10%石灰+20%粉煤灰的压实度高于其他配比情况;在恒定压实度(95%)下,改良土的无侧限抗压强度明显高于素土的无侧限抗压强度,改良剂对粉土起到一定的"维稳"效果,改良剂掺量才是决定无侧限抗压强度的关键因素。