省标《先张法预应力混凝土管桩基础技术规程》DBJ13-86-2007学习札记

偏心受压时,桩身结构承载力是否“可另外再提高20%”？当地下水或土对混凝土或混凝土中钢筋有弱腐蚀时,采用PHC管桩,规定壁厚“不应小于125mm＂是否合理？本文就省地方标准《先张法预应力混凝土管桩基础技术规程》这2项规定提出疑问。     

ENERGY DISSIPATION DISTRIBUTION AND MIXING IN A TORUS REACTOR

Previous works devoted to the development of the swirl flow generated by rotation of the marine screw impeller in the loop toroidal reactor show that the flow structure is characterized by the existence of a secondary flow. The deformation of the axial velocity profile, due to the bends curvature and the rotation of the agitator, modify considerably the friction and the transfer near the wall. The objective of this work is to study the toroidal flow and to characterize the wall turbulence. The wall shear stress distribution in the torus were performed by using an electrochemical method. The measurements of the wall shear stress were carried out in the inner and outer walls. The evolution of the wall velocity gradient with the longitudinal distance depends on the location in the torus. These results allow to obtain information about the friction factor, which is compared with the one measured directly by using piezometric connections. The experimental determination of the axial dispersion coefficient is obtained by using the dispersion plug flow model with a total recirculation. Finally, a relationship between the turbulent characteristics and the mixing parameters has been established.     

Energy analysis of façade-integrated photovoltaic systems applied to UAE commercial buildings

Developments in the design and manufacture of photovoltaic cells have recently been a growing concern in the UAE. At present, the embodied energy pay-back time (EPBT) is the criterion used for comparing the viability of such technology against other forms. However, the impact of PV technology on the thermal performance of buildings is not considered at the time of EPBT estimation. If additional energy savings gained over the PV system life are also included, the total EPBT could be shorter. This paper explores the variation of the total energy of building integrated photovoltaic systems (BiPV) as a wall cladding system applied to the UAE commercial sector and shows that the ratio between PV output and saving in energy due to PV panels is within the range of 1:3–1:4. The result indicates that for the southern and western façades in the UAE, the embodied energy pay-back time for photovoltaic system is within the range of 12–13 years. When reductions in operational energy are considered, the pay-back time is reduced to 3.0–3.2 years. This study comes to the conclusion that the reduction in operational energy due to PV panels represents an important factor in the estimation of EPBT.     

Determination of the energy savings and the optimum insulation thickness in the four different insulated exterior walls

The optimum insulation thickness of the external wall for four cities from four climate zones of Turkey, energy savings over a lifetime of 10 years and payback periods are calculated for the five different energy types and four different insulation materials applied externally on walls. Extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, nil siding and rock wool as wall insulation material are selected. In this study, the net energy cost savings are calculated using the P₁–P₂ method. The results show that energy cost savings vary between 4.2 $/m² and 9.5 $/m² depending on the city and insulation materials. The highest payback period value with 2.25 years in Mersin found by using natural gas as an energy source for heating, while the lowest value is reached by using LPG as an energy source in Bitlis.     

钢筋轻骨料混凝土剪力墙的试验研究

通过７个粉煤灰陶粒硷和一个普通砼单片剪力培的试验，研究了在低周反复荷载作用下轻骨料砼剪力墙的强度和变形性能，并与同类普通检剪力墙进行了比较和分析．试验表明，轻骨料砼剪力墙的受力性能和破坏形态与普通砼剪力墙相似，但能量耗散能力和延伸性优于普通砼剪力墙．在试验的基础上，建立了界限剪跨比的判别式，强度控制区的划分条件，提出了抗剪强度计算方法．建议方法的计算值与本次试验及国内外其它资料的结果有较好的吻合程度．本文还对剪力墙位移计算和控制，达到极限强度时的刚度退化率提出了见解．     

求解理想的住宅——“建筑师走廊”给出的答案

本文通过对“亚洲建筑师走廊”中建筑的环境、空间、材料、色彩的评论,探讨对理想的个性化居住建筑的理解。     

水平管内气-液两相泡状流壁面切应力预测模型

水平管泡状流时气泡主要集中在管道的上部,在管下部只有少量的气泡.由于气泡的非均匀分布,壁面切应力沿周向变化.本文以水平管内气-液两相泡状流壁面切应力均相预测模型为基函数,在实验测量结果的基础上,建立了考虑气泡非均匀分布的水平管内气-液两相泡状流壁面切应力预测模型,预测模型能够反映不同工况下的壁面切应力沿周向的变化趋势,与实验测量结果比较,误差范围小于10%.     

冻结壁发育状况的地质雷达探测研究

根据冻结工程中冻土和未冻土之间介电常数和电阻率的差异，研究了地质雷达探测冻结壁发育状况．采用时域有限差分法模拟冻结不同阶段的冻结壁的发育状况，获取冻结壁在雷达剖面上的反映特征，据此指导工程实测．计算结果和探测实例均表明，地质雷达可用于冻结壁发育状况的探测，查明其中的缺陷，便于及时处置冻结工程中可能出现的问题，是确保冻结工程安全的有效手段。     

超（超）临界压力锅炉膜式水冷壁危险点壁温在线监测方法研究

电站锅炉膜式水冷壁向火侧危险点壁温的在线监测很重要，特别是对超(超)临界压力锅炉，而膜式水冷壁向火侧危险点壁温的在线监测一直很难。基于温度场数值模拟结果本文提出一种针对超(超)临界压力电站锅炉水冷壁间接测量向火侧温度方法。首先用数值模拟方法计算了大量工况下水冷壁截面温度场分布，然后根据数值模拟结果拟合背火侧三个特征点温度差值与向火侧两个危险点温度的关系式，通过监测水冷壁背火侧三个特征点温度，根据关系式即可间接在线测量向火侧危险点温度。     

作用在挡土结构上的土压力的研究

本文简要地介绍了近年来对作用在挡土结构上的土压力的研究情况及进展,各学者对这一课题的研究成果及其问题,最后介绍了笔者在这一领域的试验研究结果,并提出了长墙与短墙的界限。