三相生物流化床处理苯胺废水的硝化特性研究

以苯胺废水处理站剩余污泥为菌源，经富集、扩大培养获得高含量的硝化菌菌液，并以自行研制的纤维颗粒为载体进行了挂膜试验，考察了pH、溶解氧（DO）和无机碳源等主要工艺条件对苯胺降解硝化过程的影响。结果显示，在15d内微生物开始在载体表面形成生物膜，30d后膜厚稳定在120～150μm。条件试验结果表明，pH为8．5时硝化效果最佳，氨氧化速率达到43．22mg／L·d；DO为3．0mg／L时满足苯胺降解菌及硝化菌代谢需要；添加无机碳源可有效促进硝化反应的进行，当NaHCO3添加量为300mg／L，可使硝化速率提高30．68％。由此证明了在三相生物流化床中通过条件优化可消除苯胺废水降解过程释放的富余氨氮。     

垃圾土蠕变-降解沉降特性试验研究

为了研究垃圾土蠕变降解沉降特性,选取重庆市某垃圾场典型试样,基于室内蠕变观测试验得到蠕变降解沉降过程曲线（0~330 d）,建立了符合其沉降变形特性的PTH计算模型,验证了该模型合理性,同时对沉降影响因素进行了详细分析。结果表明,因外部应力和内部蠕变降解引起的沉降总量可达试样高度的33.2%,渗滤液在前期的溢出量受外部荷载和有机物含量的控制;垃圾土中有机物的降解规律可用Richards 模型来表示,累计沉降量和累计渗滤液产量之间符合指数函数关系;有利于初期压缩变形和后期降解沉降的最优有机物含量区间为29.1%～36.47%;内部温度监测结果显示,20～41 ℃是一个可加快内部有机物降解速率的温度区间,且在41 ℃时作用最大。     

湖泊沉积物对17β雌二醇的降解效能

沿湖泊沉积物垂直高度取表层（SL,0～2cm）、中层（ML,14～16cm）、底层（BL,28～30cm）3层底泥微生物为对象,研究了湖泊沉积物对17β-雌二醇（17β-estradiol,E2）的生物降解效能。结果表明：无论在好氧还是厌氧条件下,E2及其副产物雌激素酮（estrone,E1）的降解行为与沉积物沉积深度和环境温度有密切关系：底泥沉积深度愈深,E2降解速率愈低;在微生物活性温度范围内,环境温度愈高,E2降解速率愈高。好氧条件下,湖泊沉积物中E2降解反应的k值为0.002～0.120h^-1·g^-1·L;厌氧条件下,k值为0.002～0.057h^-1·g^-1·L。由于诱导驯化及有机物竞争关系减小等原因,向反应体系中再次添加E2后,其k值增大约34%。湖泊沉积物中硝化细菌的存在对E2降解具有促进作用。     

铜绿微囊藻去除环境内分泌干扰物17β-雌二醇的研究

环境内分泌干扰物作为一类新型污染物已经日益引起人们的关注.其中内源性雌激素17β-雌二醇(E2)因其强烈的雌激素效应,对人类和生态系统构成巨大的威胁.藻类作为初级生产者,在生态环境中扮演重要的角色,同时也能与污染物的相互作用.以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为对象,研究了E2对铜绿微囊藻生长速率的影响,并且探讨E2在藻悬浮液中的生物降解.结果表明:在0.5～4.0mg/L浓度范围内,E2对铜绿微囊藻的生长有一定的促进作用,且该促进作用随浓度增加而增强;另一方面,铜绿微囊藻对E2具有较好的去除效果,并且其降解过程遵循一级动力学.在有铜绿微囊藻存在时,E2的半衰期约为2.0天,而对照条件下E2的半衰期为39.6天.因此,铜绿微囊藻对水体中E2的生物转化起着重要作用,能有效的去除水体中该类污染物.     

心脏补片的生物力学研究评述

细胞移植是心肌组织工程中治疗心肌梗死的一种潜在的治疗方法.心脏补片不仅是种子细胞的载体,还可抑制心脏的膨胀扩张,以促进种子细胞对梗死心肌组织的修复再生.心脏补片的研制已经成为基础与临床医学、材料科学和生物力学等的交叉热点.本文评述了心脏补片的生物力学研究现状,并就本领域今后值得关注的问题进行展望.     

钻井废水的可生化性研究

钻井废水来源于油气田勘探开发作业过程,含有种类繁多的有机类钻井液添加剂和石油类污染物.利用城市污水处理厂活性污泥好氧生化处理钻井废水,通过测定微生物生化呼吸速率曲线考察废水的可生化性,研究了微生物营养、微生物浓度、活性污泥的驯化对可生化性的影响.结果表明,钻井废水具有可生化性,钻井废水中的污染物质对驯化后的活性污泥是易降解的.     

Carboxymethyl sago pulp/chitosan hydrogel as an immobilization medium for activated sludge for p-nitrophenol biodegradation

In this study, carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP) derived from sago waste was successfully crosslinked with ferric ions in the presence of chitosan forming a novel immobilization matrix for p-nitrophenol (PNP)-acclimated activated sludge. On the basis of the shortest biodegradation time of PNP, the optimized operational conditions of immobilization were found to be: 7 w/v% CMSP, 9 g L⁻¹ of activated sludge, 0.1 M ferric ion, and 15 min of crosslinking time. Observable inhibited PNP biodegradation was exhibited by the suspended activated sludge at the initial PNP concentration of 400 mg L⁻¹. In contrast, complete mineralization was achieved by the CMSP/chitosan-immobilized activated sludge (CMSP/Ch-AS) beads. The results revealed the important role of CMSP/Ch hydrogel in protecting activated sludge from the toxicity of PNP. The CMSP/Ch-AS beads could be reused consecutively up to three and two cycles, respectively, for the biodegradation of PNP at 200 and 400 mg L⁻¹, with the attainment of more than 99% of PNP removal at each cycle. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47531.     

Biodegradation of phenol by Synechocystis sp. in media including triacontanol hormone

Phenol removal levels of Synechocystis sp. were investigated in BG11 media with 10 mg/L triacontanol (TRIA) and without it to test whether the hormone could increase the removal efficiency by increasing biomass. The assays were performed to determine the effect of light on degradation, in media with 119.0–492.8 mg/L phenol under light and dark conditions. At increasing phenol concentrations, the degradation ranged between 98.5 and 100% regardless of a dark or a light condition. Experiments were carried out under light to determine the optimum pH for effective degradation. Optimum pH was found to be 6.5 at 200 mg/L phenol with or without TRIA. Phenol degradation was investigated in the 120.2–826.9 mg/L range. Although 377.4 mg/L phenol was completely degraded in hormone controls within 120 h, degradation was increased by TRIA, and the process was completed in 96 h. These data suggest that Synechocystis sp. has potential for use in the treatment of wastewaters containing phenol.