Risk and Intellectual Property in Technical Standard Competition： A Game Theory Perspective

Technical standard is typically characterized by network effect.The key point for a technical standard is the consumers＇ choice,which is based on consumers＇ maximum benefits.When a technical standard becomes a national standard,its interests have been integrated into the national interests.National interests are divided into economic profits and security factors.From the perspective of consumers＇ choice,this paper deals with the main factors which affect the result of technical standard competition- the risk and profits of intellectual property based on the assumption of bounded rationality and dynamic game theory.     

A tribe competition-based genetic algorithm for feature selection in pattern classification

Feature selection has always been a critical step in pattern recognition, in which evolutionary algorithms, such as the genetic algorithm (GA), are most commonly used. However, the individual encoding scheme used in various GAs would either pose a bias on the solution or require a pre-specified number of features, and hence may lead to less accurate results. In this paper, a tribe competition-based genetic algorithm (TCbGA) is proposed for feature selection in pattern classification. The population of individuals is divided into multiple tribes, and the initialization and evolutionary operations are modified to ensure that the number of selected features in each tribe follows a Gaussian distribution. Thus each tribe focuses on exploring a specific part of the solution space. Meanwhile, tribe competition is introduced to the evolution process, which allows the winning tribes, which produce better individuals, to enlarge their sizes, i.e. having more individuals to search their parts of the solution space. This algorithm, therefore, avoids the bias on solutions and requirement of a pre-specified number of features. We have evaluated our algorithm against several state-of-the-art feature selection approaches on 20 benchmark datasets. Our results suggest that the proposed TCbGA algorithm can identify the optimal feature subset more effectively and produce more accurate pattern classification.     

椭圆异形螺纹宏程序的编程方法

本文针对近几年中职学校技能大赛数控车技能竞赛项目出现的异形螺纹的情况，联系作者自身辅导学生训练的实际情况，利用典型实例分析对加工异形螺纹的编程方法进行简要阐述。     

Potential of two cardoon varieties to produce biomass and oil under reduced irrigation and weed control inputs

Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is an important perennial energy plant, which may produce sufficient biomass under reduced inputs. A 4-years field study was conducted in northern Greece and was repeated for three years in central Greece to determine the productivity of two cardoon varieties (‘Bianco Avorio’ and ‘C12’) under different water (irrigated or non-irrigated) and weed control (weedy or weed-free) conditions. In northern Greece, the density of weeds grown with cardoon increased as years went by, but in central Greece decreased. The absence of irrigation and the presence of weeds significantly reduced cardoon dry biomass, seed and oil yields, especially in the first two years of cultivation. In both environments, irrigated with 90 mm cardoon achieved 22–42% and 35–42% greater dry biomass and seed yield, respectively, than achieved the non-irrigated crop. In weedy cardoon, the dry biomass or seed yields reductions were 33–66% or 41–64%, respectively, in central Greece and 21–95% or 8–99%, respectively, in northern Greece. In central Greece cardoon productivity increased as years went by, but in northern Greece decreased. Generally, the cv. C12 was more productive than the cv. Bianco Avorio. Conclusively, the cardoon cv. C12 could provide satisfactory dry biomass, seed and oil yields for energy use in semi-arid Mediterranean fields, without irrigation or weed control inputs, on condition that they have been successfully established the first year. However, cardoon should be irrigated and weeded in order to provide sufficient yields.     

如何保持学生学习信息技术课程的兴趣

根据自己的教学实践,本文介绍如何在课堂中运用各种方式方法来激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的信息素养,并取得了很好的效果。     

PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

The economic system is viewed as a complex system of actors that interact by competition and coalition. Its evolution is described by morphodynamics, a general theory based on the thermodynamics of physical systems. The economic system then is represented as exchanging services and monetary signs with its environment, namely people. These exchanges are ruled by principles analogous to the principles of thermodynamics. Thus, reversible exchanges found a theory of money supply, wages and prices, whereas irreversible exchanges account for monetary profits, inflation and the long term growth of the economy.     

From daily movements to population distributions: weather affects competitive ability in a guild of soaring birds

The ability of many animals to access and exploit food is dependent on the ability to move. In the case of scavenging birds, which use soaring flight to locate and exploit ephemeral resources, the cost and speed of movement vary with meteorological factors. These factors are likely to modify the nature of interspecific interactions, as well as individual movement capacity, although the former are less well understood. We used aeronautical models to examine how soaring performance varies with weather within a guild of scavenging birds and the consequences this has for access to a common resource. Birds could be divided broadly into those with low wing loading that are more competitive in conditions with weak updraughts and low winds (black vultures and caracaras), and those with high wing loading that are well adapted for soaring in strong updraughts and moderate to high winds (Andean condors). Spatial trends in meteorological factors seem to confine scavengers with high wing loading to the mountains where they out-compete other birds; a trend that is borne out in worldwide distributions of the largest species. However, model predictions and carcass observations suggest that the competitive ability of these and other birds varies with meteorological conditions in areas where distributions overlap. This challenges the view that scavenging guilds are structured by fixed patterns of dominance and suggests that competitive ability varies across spatial and temporal scales, which may ultimately be a mechanism promoting diversity among aerial scavengers.     

Understanding the detrimental effect of nitrate presence on EBPR systems: effect of the plant configuration

The interaction between enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EPBR) and biological nitrogen removal may result in EBPR failure in full‐scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This work studies one of the common causes of this failure: the presence of nitrate in the anaerobic phase, which may act as an inhibitor for polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) activity or may activate the competition between PAO and denitrifying bacteria for the carbon source. Several batch experiments were performed with different carbon sources (acetic acid, propionic acid and sucrose) at different nitrate concentrations using PAO‐enriched sludge from two different pilot plants: an anaerobic/aerobic sequential batch reactor (SBR) and an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A²/O) continuous plant. The results imply that the operational conditions of the A²/O pilot plant selected a PAO population capable of i) coexisting with nitrate without an inhibitory effect and ii) outcompeting denitrifying bacteria for the carbon source, in contrast to the SBR pilot plant where nitrate had an inhibitory effect on EBPR. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

赛教结合在《建筑工程预算软件应用》课程中的实践研究

本文从职业技能竞赛的角度探讨了如何将"赛教结合"的理念应用到工程造价专业《建筑工程预算软件应用》核心课程中,构建基于"赛教结合"的《建筑工程预算软件应用》课程的教学体系和教学保障体系,以大赛带动教学,促进赛教一体化,实现毕业生零距离上岗,提高工程造价行业技术技能型人才培养水准。同时对培养学生的动手能力和工程素质,以及提升教师教学水平有着十分重要的实践意义。     

Processes underlying congruent and incongruent facial reactions to emotional facial expressions.

The present electromyographic study is a first step toward shedding light on the involvement of affective processes in congruent and incongruent facial reactions to facial expressions. Further, empathy was investigated as a potential mediator underlying the modulation of facial reactions to emotional faces in a competitive, a cooperative, and a neutral setting. Results revealed less congruent reactions to happy expressions and even incongruent reactions to sad and angry expressions in the competition condition, whereas virtually no differences between the neutral and the cooperation condition occurred. Effects on congruent reactions were found to be mediated by cognitive empathy, indicating that the state of empathy plays an important role in the situational modulation of congruent reactions. Further, incongruent reactions to sad and angry faces in a competition setting were mediated by the emotional reaction of joy, supporting the assumption that incongruent facial reactions are mainly based on affective processes. Additionally, strategic processes (specifically, the goal to create and maintain a smooth, harmonious interaction) were found to influence facial reactions while being in a cooperative mindset. Now, further studies are needed to test for the generalizability of these effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)