原子层沉积技术改性CrN硬质涂层性能的第一性原理研究

目的 基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,对原子层改性氮化铬(CrN)涂层的关键性能进行仿真计算,以充分了解涂层微观组织结构演变和微观界面结构本质,为后续原子层沉积CrN工艺研究提供理论指导.方法 通过建立CrN(011)-CrN(011)复合体系模型,分析计算了涂层的界面性能、弹性性能及热力学性能.结果 模型结构经过优化后,各原子层间间距均发生不同程度的减小,且各层间距趋于一致.态密度分析表明:其优良的结构稳定性主要来自6.4～4.8 eV范围内Cr原子3d轨道和N原子2p轨道间的相互作用;基于应力应变的弹性常数满足波恩准则判定依据,力学性能稳定,计算结果为硬度30.29 GPa,体积模量409.83 GPa,剪切模量270.86 GPa.采用NVT系综模拟,当温度T≤1023 K时,温度波动振荡收敛;当温度T>1023 K时,温度在某个时间点瞬时激增而不收敛,可以得出CrN涂层的极限使用温度为1023 K.结论 原子层沉积改性的CrN硬质涂层具有优良的界面相容性,成键强度高,界面能低,结构性能稳定.     

合金元素在fcc-Fe/NbX(X=C,N)界面的偏析及影响

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)第一性原理方法,研究了Si、Ni、Mn、Cr、Mo在fcc-Fe/NbX (X=C, N)界面的偏析行为,并分析了合金元素偏析对界面体系的影响。结果表明,fcc-Fe/NbN界面结合强度相较于fcc-Fe/NbC界面结合强度略有提升;Si稳定存在于Fe基体中,Ni、Mn在界面有轻微偏析倾向,Cr、Mo在界面和NbX (X=C,N)内均存在偏析,其中,Mo向界面偏析倾向更大;Cr、Mo偏析在fcc-Fe/NbC界面一定程度上降低了界面的结合能力,但体系稳定性有所提升,Cr、Mo偏析在fcc-Fe/NbN界面一定程度上提高了界面的结合能力,但Mo使得体系稳定性下降。     

第一性原理研究合金元素对3C-SiC/Mg界面的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究掺杂单个Al、Zn、Cu、Ni、Li、Zr原子对3C-SiC/Mg体系界面结合的影响,选取代表性的Zn原子和Zr原子进行Mulliken电荷、重叠布居数和态密度计算分析。结果表明,3C-SiC/Mg界面模型最稳定的堆垛结构是将5层的Mg（0001）堆垛在10层的 3C-SiC（111）面上,C封端的中心型模型在6种3C-SiC/Mg模型结构中分离功最大,界面间距最小,界面的润湿性最好;掺杂Zn原子后,3C-SiC/Mg-Zn体系的分离功减小,掺杂的Zn原子与Mg原子成反键,态密度中赝能隙变小使得3C-SiC/Mg-Zn体系的共价键性减弱,不利于3C-SiC/Mg-Zn界面结合; 掺杂Al、Cu、Ni、Li、Zr原子后,体系的分离功增大,Zr原子对界面润湿性的改善效果最好。掺杂Zr原子后,界面层Mg原子与Si原子的反键消失,与C原子在界面处形成Zr-C强共价键,态密度离域性增强,成键能力增强,导致3C-SiC/Mg-Zr体系的分离功增大最多。     

二硼化物固溶体(Ti/Zr)1-x(Ta/Nb)xB2的结构稳定性和力学性能的第一性原理研究

通过超晶胞(SC)方法和虚拟晶体近似(VCA)方法的第一性原理计算,研究了金属二硼化物固溶体(Ti/Zr)1-x(Ta/Nb)xB2 的形(0≤x≤1)成能、混合能、晶格常数、体积、弹性常数、熔点、弹性模量、维氏硬度、断裂韧性和态密度。结果表明,二硼化物固溶体(Ti/Zr)1-x(Ta/Nb)xB2的结构稳定性随掺杂浓度的增加而降低。Ti1-x(Ta/Nb)xB2的体积随着掺杂浓度的增加而增加,这是因为Ta和Nb的原子半径大于Ti。而Zr1-x(Ta/Nb)xB2的体积逐渐变小,这归因于Ta和Nb的原子半径比Zr小。并且,二硼化物固溶体 (Ti/Zr)1-x(Ta/Nb)xB2是力学性质稳定的脆性材料。特别地是,Ta和Nb的掺杂剂可明显改善固溶体(Ti/Zr)1-x(Ta/Nb)xB2的脆性和体积模量以及断裂韧性,但硬度会降低。     

Ce-C共掺SnO2导电性能和力学性质的第一性原理研究

AgSnO2触头材料由于优异的性能成为代替AgCdO的电接触材料之一,但由于SnO2导电性能较差以及硬度大,会使材料变脆,容易形成裂纹,降低了AgSnO2触头的使用寿命。本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了稀土元素Ce和C单掺杂以及共掺杂SnO2的导电性能和力学性质的理论计算。通过超晶胞结构优化后的能量计算,得到了超晶胞的晶格常数、掺杂形成能、能带结构、态密度、弹性常数和德拜温度。结果表明：通过掺杂后的带隙值减小,增加了杂化轨道,能够提高SnO2的导电性能以及改善SnO2的脆韧性,从而改善AgSnO2触头的成型和使用寿命。相对于Ce、C单掺杂,Ce-C共掺杂时的电子有效质量减小,并且带隙宽度变窄,Ce-C共掺杂SnO2的导电性能更好,硬度的改善更大。     

Curie Temperatures of III–V Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Calculated from First-Principles in Mean Field Approximation

Electronic structure and ferromagnetism in III–V compound-based diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are investigated based on first-principles calculations by using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method combined with the coherent-potential-approximation. The stability of the ferromagnetic phase in GaN-, GaAs-, GaP-, GaSb-based DMS is investigated systematically. The calculations show that 3d-impurities from the first-half of the transition metal series favor the ferromagnetic state, while impurities from the latter-half of the series exhibit spin-glass behavior. This chemical trend in the magnetism is explained by the double exchange mechanism taking the local symmetry at the impurity gap states into account. Curie temperatures of GaAs- and GaN-based DMS are estimated by using the Heisenberg model in a mean field approximation with the parameters calculated from first-principles. It is suggested that room-temperature ferromagnetism can be realized in these systems.     

First-principles calculations of phase equilibria and transformation dynamics of Fe-based alloys

Theoretical procedures of first-principles calculations of phase stability and phase equilibria are summarized. The present scheme is shown to be able to reproduce the transition temperatures with surprisingly high accuracy for Fe−Pd and Fe−Pt systems. The main emphasis of the present report is placed on the extension of the first-principles calculation to transition dynamics calculations. This is performed by combining the cluster variation method with the phase-field method via a coarse graining operation. The time evolution process of antiphase boundaries associated with L1₀ ordering for Fe−Pd system is demonstrated. This paper was presented at the International Symposium on User Aspects of Phase Diagrams, Materials Solutions Conference and Exposition, Columbus, Ohio, 18–20 October, 2004.     

First-principles calculation of phase equilibria and phase separation of the Fe-Ni alloy system

Theoretical investigation of the phase equilibria of the Fe-Ni alloy has been performed by combining the FLAPW total energy calculations and the Cluster Variation Method through the Cluster Expansion Method. The calculations have proved the stabilization of the LIE phase at 1：3 stoichiometry, which is in agreement with the experimental result, and predicted the existence of L1 0 as a stable phase below 550 K; this L1 0 phase has been missing in the conventional phase diagram. The calculations are extended to the Fe-rich region that is characterized by a wide range phase separation and has drawn considerable attention because of the intriguing Invar property associated with a Fe concentration of 65%. To reveal the origin of the phase separation, a P-V curve in an entire concentration range is derived by the second derivative of free energy functional of the disordered phase with respect to the volume. The calculation confirmed that the phase separation is caused by the breakdown of the mechanical-stability criterion. The newly calculated phase separation line combined with the L1 0 and L12Eorder-disordered phase boundaries provides phase equilibria in the wider concentration range of the system. Furthermore, a coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） is attempted by incorporating the thermal vibration effect through harmonic approximation of the Debye-Gruneisen model. The Invar behavior has been reproduced, and the origin of this anomalous volume change has been discussed.     

L12型Al3Sc基金属间化合物有序化行为和力学性能的第一性原理计算

本文采用亚晶格模型,辅助以第一性原理总能计算,研究了L1₂型Al₃Sc基金属间化合物中元素的占位有序化行为和力学性能。结果表明：Al₃Sc合金呈现完全有序化,其中Al占据3c亚晶格位置,Sc占据1a亚晶格位置；L1₂-Al₃(Sc_0.75M_0.25)金属间化合物(M=Y、Ti、Zr和Hf)也呈现完全有序化,第三组元M均只占据1a亚晶格位置,这些元素的占位行为均不受温度的影响。L1₂-Al₃(Sc_0.75M_0.25)金属间化合物均满足力学稳定性条件。M为Y时,L1₂-Al₃(Sc_0.75M_0.25)金属间化合物的剪切模量、体弹模量和杨氏模量和硬度下降；M为Ti、Zr或Hf时,随着原子半径增大,剪切模量、体弹模量、杨氏模量和硬度逐渐降低,其中Ti的加入可使L1₂-Al₃(Sc_0.75M_0.25)金属间化合物的塑性和韧性达到最好。     

钙钛矿型ScRh3X（X=B，C，N）的第一性原理研究

利用第一性原理研究了钙钛矿型的ScRh3X（X=B,C,N）及其固溶体的结构、弹性、电子性质等。研究结果表明,对于平衡状态下的ScRh3BxC1-x（0〈x〈1）固溶体,其结构参数和已知的实验数据相一致,和ScRh3C结构相比,在0〈x〈1的范围内,固溶体ScRh3BxC1-x的体积弹性模量和弹性常数C44随着价电子浓度的增加增大,而剪切模量却表现出单调下降的趋势。本文根据计算得到的电子结构信息对这些现象进行了分析,发现剪切模量比体积弹性模量或C44能更好的预测该体系的硬度。