Biodiesel from different oil using fixed-bed and plug-flow reactors

In this study, a pilot scale of 100 t/year biodiesel production system, mainly consisting of a fixed-bed and a down-stream plug-flow reactors, was setup to test different feedstock oils, especially a kind of high-acidified oil, trap grease, for their feasibility as biodiesel feedstock in China. The tested oils include three kinds of typical oil from Guangdong Province, China: rapeseed oil, Chinese wood oil, and trap grease. At the same time the optimum residence time for a plug-flow reactor to perform transesterification reaction was investigated in this study. At the temperature of 65 °C, methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1 and KOH load of 1.2 wt% of oil, the optimum residence time was found to be 19 min. A type of ion-exchange resin was used to fill in the fixed-bed reactor and used as the esterification catalyst for pretreating on the high-acidified oil. For the fresh catalyst, the acid value of trap grease could be reduced from 114 mg KOH/g to about 2 mg KOH/g after 13 h at temperature 75 °C, catalyst load of 15 wt% of oil, methanol addition of 20 wt% of oil. The lifetime test for the catalyst indicated that its life is over 30 days. The quality of biodiesel derived from three feedstock oils is compared with newly published China BD100 standard of GB/T20828-2007. A comparison of the results reveals that the biodiesel generated through this system could satisfactorily meet China BD100 standard. It indicates that the designed process in this system has a good adaptability for different kinds of oil.     

全自动防爆集中润滑装置在矿用特种防爆车辆上的设计与应用

针对煤矿用特种防爆车辆关节部件采用人工加脂润滑方式所存在的弊端,在研究了非煤矿工程车辆用集中润滑装置的基础上,设计了一套适合煤矿使用的全自动防爆集中润滑装置并在矿用特种防爆车辆中得以应用。经过1 a来的推广试验,结果表明该系统能实现特种防爆车辆油脂润滑的定时定量全自动控制,工作稳定可靠,控制方法合理可行,智能化程度高。     

非完全消化-火焰原子发射光谱法测定润滑脂中钙、锂

低温下用硝酸消解样品 ,用乳化剂TritonX 10 0溶解消解产物 ,配制成样品溶液。建立了非完全消化 -火焰原子发射光谱法快速测定润滑脂中钙、锂的分析方法。以La3+ 作为钙的释放剂 ,以硝酸钾作为锂的消电离剂。试液的粘度与对应空白溶液的粘度一致 ,无背景吸收干扰。对样品处理条件、化学干扰、介质的影响及检出限进行了考察。测定结果的相对标准偏差RSD≤ 3 .0 % ,测定结果与灰化法一致。线性范围 :钙 0～ 7.0 μg/mL、锂 0～ 8.0 μg/mL。方法简便、准确     

碳纳米管/导热硅脂复合材料的导热性能

为了提高导热硅脂的导热性能,本文研究了一种新型的碳纳米管/导热硅脂复合材料。研究结果表明,酯化处理后的碳纳米管有利于其在导热硅脂中的分散,并由此在导热硅脂中形成一个有效的导热网络,达到提高导热硅脂导热性能的目的。     

Validation of a FT-IR method for the determination of oils and grease in water using tetrachloroethylene as the extraction solvent

The term “Oils and Grease” (OG) encompasses a broad family of chemical compounds such as fatty material of biogenic origin, or petroleum hydrocarbon constituents. These compounds can cause environmental degradation and induce related public health risks when discharged in surface or ground waters. Consequently, OG is regulated by both European and National legislation for drinking water and wastewater. The development of methods for OG determination presents several difficulties and challenges for the analytical laboratory, since this parameter is methoddefined, i.e. the method establishes the measurand. Among several alternative methods that have been proposed in the literature, FT-IR determination after liquid–liquid extraction is known to be an easy, low-cost alternative for monitoring of OG at the ppm level. However, established FT-IR methods are based on Freon 113 extraction, a solvent which has been banned as an ozone depleting agent. This paper presents the development and validation of an in-house FT-IR method for the determination of OG in water that uses tetrachloroethylene as a Freon 113 substitute. The method was developed in EYDAP’s laboratories for the monitoring and control of OG in surface and drinking waters. Results regarding the calibration, linearity, OG recovery, precision, detection — quantitation limits and robustness are presented and discussed. Tetrachloroethylene proved to be a suitable alternative to Freon 113 and the method was deemed appropriate for monitoring oil spills or discharges in surface waters or in the drinking water network, at levels > 0.1 ppm.     

硬铝母线搭接面螺栓紧固的施工方法探讨

探讨在硬铝母线搭接面施工中,表面粗糙度对电力母线搭接面的作用,对如何施工和正确使用标准件及应用电力复合脂的具体要求进行了详细阐述.     

钙基润滑脂水化过程的控制

简要讨论了钙基润滑脂的制备方法和形成原理。着重讨论分析了水化过程中容易出现的水加不进、成脂软等问题及其解决方法。     

一种新型节能电动油脂润滑泵的设计

设计了一种新型电动油脂润滑泵的结构组成及工作原理,该泵采用微控制器自动控制润滑油脂定时定量输送至各润滑点,并配以液位开关实现低油位报警,大大减少了电机损耗,节省所需的油脂及电力,具有良好的应用前景.     

Antifriction plastic greases based on intermediate products of oil refining and liquid crystalline compounds

The rheological and triboengineering properties are presented of hydrated calcium plastic greases based on intermediate products of oil refining (hydrofined vacuum gas oil and vacuum distillate). It is shown that application of liquid crystalline cholesterol compounds as an additional component of the dispersion medium of plastic greases permits significant reduction of the wear and losses for friction and boosts the load—bearing capacity of tribocouples.     

润滑脂灌装器的制作及改进

采油队使用1 kg装的小袋润滑脂进行设备润滑,往黄油枪枪体内灌装时很困难.为此根据黄油枪的形状、体积,并结合袋装润滑脂的体积,利用活塞工作原理,设计制作了润滑脂灌装器.既解决了袋装润滑脂的难装、浪费问题,又减轻了劳动强度.