Clustering of instrumental methods to characterize the texture and the rheology of slimy okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) suspensions

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is one of the ingredients widely used in African gastronomy because of the unique slimy texture it gives to sauces. However, processing and formulation can affect the textural and rheological properties of these sauces, leading to unacceptable quality for the African consumer. The aim of this study was to select the instrumental measurements best enabling (a) characterization of the rheology and texture of slimy sauces prepared from okra and (b) monitoring its evolution during the preservation process. Thirty-seven slimy suspensions (sauces and purées) were measured with 16 rheological and textural parameters. A principal component analysis revealed that flow consistency index K and flow behavior index n were well correlated with visco-elastic, adhesive, and shear thinning properties, and that stringiness was well correlated with elongational, cohesive, and ductile properties. These two sets of measurement methods are sufficient to characterize their rheological and textural properties, and necessary to discriminate them according to their process and formulation.     

应用酶-重量法测定秋葵荚中的膳食纤维

应用酶-重量法测定秋葵荚中总膳食纤维(TDF)、可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)及不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)的含量。结果表明,秋葵荚中TDF含量为41.95%,SDF含量为8.41%,IDF含量为35.08%,SDF含量占TDF含量的20.04%。可以开发成为一种制备具有良好功能特性的膳食纤维制品的原材料。     

黄秋葵的功能特性及综合开发利用

黄秋葵是一种特种蔬菜，其果实富含氨基酸、维生素、矿质元素、多糖和黄酮类化合物以及大量不饱和脂肪酸，具有多种营养和保健功能。在论述黄秋葵营养与保健功能特性的基础上，对其产品的开发研究进行探讨。     

Effects of Rice Batter on Oil Uptake and Sensory Quality of Coated Fried Okra

ABSTRACT: Okra was coated and deep-fat fried with batters of flour sources including rice flour, a mixture of rice flour and small amounts of pregelatinized rice flour (PGRF), and, as a control, traditional wheat flour. The addition of PGRF, up to 8%, enhanced batter viscosity and the coating properties of the rice batter. Oil uptake of the fried batter decreased with the addition of up to 5% PGRF. Rice flour fried batters, with and without PGRF, were found to absorb substantially lower oil, by as much as 51 %, compared with the wheat batter. The fried okra coated with the rice batter containing 5% PGRF, when evaluated for sensory properties on appearance and surface attributes, was found to be superior or equal to those with the wheat batter and rice batter without PGRF. Particularly, its golden brown color is considered more desirable than the lighter yellow color of the other 2 entities. Similarly, most of its 1st-bite and after-chew properties were slightly better and were in the normal range of commercially available products. Specifically, its distinctive crispiness is considered a positive attribute, whereas its slightly higher tooth packing properties, while remaining in the range of commercial products, may be noticeable to some consumers.     

Whey protein-okra polysaccharide fraction blend edible films: tensile properties, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability

BACKGROUND: A hot‐buffer‐soluble‐solid fraction (HBSS) and an alkaline‐soluble‐solid fraction (ASS) of okra polysaccharides (OKP) were obtained using sequential extraction. These fractions were combined with whey protein isolate (WPI) and glycerol (Gly) plasticizer to form blend edible films. Effects of OKP fraction and content on tensile properties, water vapor permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP) were determined. RESULTS: HBSS film had significantly higher percent elongation (%E) and lower elastic modulus (EM), WVP and OP than ASS film. Increasing HBSS or ASS content in blend films with WPI significantly reduced film tensile strength and EM and increased film %E and WVP. OP values for WPI–HBSS blend films were significantly lower than OP for WPI or HBSS film. WPI–HBSS and WPI–ASS blend films had lower WVP and OP than WPI films with equivalent tensile properties. CONCLUSIONS: WPI–HBSS blend films have higher WVP and lower OP than WPI film or HBSS film, indicating unique interactions between WPI and HBSS. Compared to WPI film, WPI–HBSS blend films have improved flexibility, stretchability and oxygen barrier. Different HBSS and ASS compositions and structures are responsible for property differences between HBSS and ASS films and between WPI–HBSS and WPI–ASS blend films. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Moisturizing effect of alcohol-based hand rub containing okra polysaccharide

A natural, moisturizing alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) containing okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) polysaccharide was formulated to reduce the dryness caused by traditional hand-cleansing products. The ABHR developed also reduced infectious disease transmission. Preliminary evaluations of the stable natural hand hygiene preparations were conducted to determine preference and short-term moisturizing efficacy in volunteers. Formulations contained varying amounts of gelling agent (0.5% and 0.3% w/v). Accelerated stability testing using a centrifugation assay and six heating/cooling cycles of the ABHR bases were performed. Then, okra polysaccharide (5%, 7%, 10% and 15% w/w) was incorporated into the base, and stability tests were repeated. The moisturizing okra polysaccharide was compatible with the formulations at all concentrations. All of the formulated ABHRs were stable. Sensory evaluation was conducted in 36 volunteers. The two most preferred okra ABHRs were patch-tested in 12 volunteers; results indicated none of the preparations caused irritation. Efficacy of the most preferred moisturizing ABHR containing 0.3% gelling agent and 10% (w/v) okra extract was determined. Short-term moisturizing efficacy of a single application was examined in 20 volunteers. The okra ABHR hydrated skin significantly better than a control ABHR (P < 0.005) at 30 min after application. Skin moisture was retained for 210 min of the observation period. Thus, the ABHR product containing moisturizing okra is safe, efficacious and possesses desirable properties. The formulation can be applied every 3 h for good hand hygiene with moisturizing efficacy.     

黄秋葵多糖对糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢和肾脏损伤的改善作用

本研究探讨了黄秋葵多糖对糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢和肾脏病理改变的影响。采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素构建SD大鼠糖尿病模型,将建模成功的糖尿病大鼠随机分为模型组、二甲双胍组、黄秋葵多糖低、中、高剂量组。连续灌药28 d,测定各组大鼠血糖、血脂水平,肾脏病理变化情况,同时通过体外实验采用pNPG法测定黄秋葵多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响。结果表明,与模型组相比较,黄秋葵多糖各组空腹血糖(FBG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平均有降低,其中高剂量组下降幅度最大分别降低32.80%和17.87%。血脂方面,黄秋葵多糖各组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)均有降低,其中高剂量组下降幅度最大,分别降低21.55%、38.98%、40.70%;高密度脂蛋白(HDL)均有升高,高剂量组升高幅度最大升高47.46%。同时黄秋葵多糖能够明显抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,抑制率随剂量的增加而增加,当多糖浓度为10 mg/mL时,其抑制率为68.26%。黄秋葵多糖能够缓解糖尿病大鼠肾小球萎缩、肾小管肿胀等。因此,黄秋葵多糖能够改善糖尿病大鼠的血糖血脂水平,改善糖尿病大鼠的肾脏组织的病理变化,在降糖膳食补充剂、保健食品及降糖药物的开发方面有广阔的前景。     

响应面法优化黄秋葵多糖超声提取工艺

目的：探讨黄秋葵多糖的超声提取工艺。方法：选定时间、水料比和温度作为影响因素,以黄秋葵多糖提取率为评价指标。在单因素试验的基础上,通过3因素3水平Box-Behnken中心组合试验,建立多糖提取率的二次多项式回归方程,经响应面回归分析得到优化组合条件。结果：最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间20min、水料比44:1(mL/g)、提取温度52℃、提取1次时,多糖提取率达到最大值。该条件下多糖提取率预测值为27.82%,验证值为27.75%。结论：为黄秋葵多糖的提取工艺提供参考,有利于对黄秋葵的进一步开发利用。