浅析砖混结构现浇板裂缝原因与防治对策

从解决群众最关心、最直接、最现实的问题出发,结合近几年来用户质量投诉普遍存在的砖混结构房屋现浇板典型裂缝的原因分析,提出了切实可行的加固修复方案并进行了修复,效果较明显,同时还从材料、设计、施工方面提出了行之有效的可操作性的预防对策。     

Cell formation using multiple process plans

Cell formation (CF) consists of identifying machine groups and part families. Many CF procedures use a part machine matrix as an input and attempt to obtain a block diagonal form. But perfect block diagonalization of parts and machines is not possible is many cases. In this paper we consider a generalized cellular manufacturing (CM) problem, in which each part can have alternate process plans and each operation can be performed on alternate machines. Under these conditions the CF problem of assigning parts and machines to each manufacturing cell can be considered as a two stage process. The first stage deals with the problem of determining a unique process plan for each part. The second stage determines the part families and machine cells. In this research a model for forming part families and machine cells is presented considering alternate process plans. The objective is to analyze how alternate process plans influence and enhance the CM process giving better flexibility to the designer while designing cells for CM.     

The Orinoco river: A review of hydrobiological research

The Orinoco River is one of the world's longest rivers (2060 km) and in terms of average water discharge (36000 m³ s^?1) it ranks third. Seventy per cent of its basin (1.1 × 10⁶km²) is found in Venezuela and the rest in Colombia. Due to the uneven distribution of the population toward the northern coastal areas (97 per cent of the population inhabits 55 per cent of the country with only 16 per cent of the surface waters) plans have been carried out to develop resources in the Orinoco Basin. So far these programs include mining (mainly iron and bauxite), oil exploration and extraction from the Orinoco Oil Belt, industry, river transport, and hydroelectric exploitation. Development of the latter has involved the construction of two dams on the Caroní River (the most important blackwater tributary of the Orinoco) and two more are planned on this same river. Hydroelectric projects are also being considered for the Orinoco River. Physicochemical and biological characterization has been regarded as of major importance to establish base-line information to detect and quantify possible alterations in this river which is considered to be in a pristine state. Systematic hydrobiological research has recently been carried out in the river, some of its major tributaries, and floodplain lakes, and a fair amount of knowledge has emerged mainly from its lower section. Phytoplankton studies have revealed the presence of over 400 species of algae. Zooplankton research has identified 116 taxa of rotifers and 58 taxa of cladocerans. In general plankton densities negatively correlate with water level. Diatoms were observed to predominate in the Orinoco River while Cyanophyta predominate in the studied floodplain lakes. Seventeen aquatic macrophyte species have been recorded in the lakes of the Orinoco with high densities of Eichhornia crassipes, Oxycarium cubense, and Paspalum repens. Rooted emergent and floating-plant cover tends to increase rapidly during high water. Some 318 species and subspecies of fish have been reported for the Orinoco Basin, even though this number is far from complete. Preliminary data have revealed different species associations among relatively close lakes with biomasses ranging between 30 to 900kg ha^?1 displaying considerable variations in diversity and species richness. Fisheries along the Orinoco are mainly of a multispecific nature and their overall potential has been estimated as being in the order of 45 000t yr^?1. In general, management plans have taken into consideration the multispecific potential of the Orinoco Basin but indicate a lack of sufficient knowledge of the physical, biological, and social aspects involved. Furthermore development plans tend to precede the generation of this basic knowledge, thereby increasing the risks of conflict among the various users of the resources involved.     

A modified short‐run type II continuous sampling plan

In this article, a modified continuous sampling of type II is provided for finite production runs. The suggested sampling plan revises the continuous sampling plan‐2 of Yang (1983). The proposed plan places no predetermined limit on the number of items to be inspected until the second defect is detected when in partial inspection mode. A similar derivation to that of Yang is used to find an approximation to the average outgoing quality of the modified continuous sampling plan‐2 in finite production runs. Some tables are provided to aid in the selection of the clearance number and sampling fraction when the production run length and an average outgoing quality limit are given. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Black applicants' reactions to affirmative action plans: Effects of plan content and previous experience with discrimination.

This study examined the effects of plan content and previous experience with discrimination on Black respondents' reactions to affirmative action plans. Black engineering students (N=1,173) were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 plans implemented by a hypothetical organization and were asked to provide ratings of perceived fairness and intention to pursue a position at the organization. There were significant effects of plan content on perceived fairness and job pursuit intentions, Perceived fairness mediated the effect of content on intentions. Furthermore, previous experience with discrimination interacted with content to affect intentions. Individuals who had experienced relatively more discrimination in the workplace reported stronger intentions to pursue a position at an organization whose plan specified special training opportunities for minorities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Allocation of post-disaster reconstruction financing to housing

The allocation of a significant portion of post-natural disaster financing to housing reconstruction in poorer countries is examined. Many poorer countries are reliant on external assistance in the form of loans or grants to meet their post-disaster reconstruction needs. Today, half of all the post-disaster borrowing provided by the World Bank is earmarked for the reconstruction of housing. Should this high proportion of limited reconstruction funds be allocated to a fundamentally private sector need? Is such an allocation economically efficient? After exploring these questions, an alternative solution is examined for government funds to be allocated to high economic return projects (e.g. infrastructure) and to meeting the needs of the poor. The allocation of funding to housing, much of which is captured by the economic and social elite, seems a misallocation of scarce resources. This is particularly the case since the funding available for post-disaster reconstruction by the international financial institutions is constrained and unable to meet anticipated future demand.     

Mathematical programming for the scheduling problem with alternate process plans in FMS

The purpose of this research is to consider the operational scheduling problem and the determination of production routing with alternate process plans simultaneously such that the advantages of routing flexibility are expected. The problem is formulated by using 0–1 integer programming regarding to the performance measure of either the minimum of the absolute deviation of meeting due date or the minimum of total completion time. The approach of mathematical programming generates the optimal schedule, rather than near optimal schedule or a better schedule, to meet the selected criterion. Two mathematical formulation models developed are presented and an example is shown in this paper referring to the either one of performance criteria.     

中心回转抓岩机在井筒施工中的维护及改进

结合工程概况,介绍了施工方案及HZ-4型中心回转抓岩机的主要技术性能及使用方法,着重对其使用维护方式的调整和关键部位的改进进行了阐述,以加快工程进度,节约成本。     

The Danish afforestation programme and spatial planning: new challenges

Grant-aided field afforestation has been part of agricultural policies across Europe since the implementation of EU-regulation 2080/92. However, the goals of afforestation are changing with increased focus on afforestation as a means of securing environmental and recreational purposes. Using Denmark as an example, the article outlines the goals of the new post-industrial forestry and highlights the importance of the spatial configuration of new woodlands in the landscape. With point of departure in an investigation of two counties, the planning framework for grant-aided field afforestation is analysed and consequences of its application are discussed. It is concluded that the present planning framework for afforestation seems to neglect important spatial concerns within the planning and implementation process. This is a result of uncoordinated strategies applied by the individual actors within the planning structure.