弱面结构对页岩地层井壁稳定性影响研究

页岩地层大量发育弱面结构,造成井壁垮塌现象频发,严重制约了页岩气的高效开发。因此,本文在Mohr-Coulomb准则的基础上,建立多弱面条件下的强度破坏准则。应用该准则,对不同弱面产状、弱面数量、钻井时间下的岩石强度进行分析,从而建立页岩地层坍塌压力预测模型,计算分析表明:围压增大后,页岩强度增加,不易沿弱面破坏;弱面产状和数量变化,使得岩石强度产生变化,从而造成坍塌压力分布复杂。尤其弱面数量增多,岩石强度下降明显,逐渐受弱面强度控制,坍塌压力出现明显增加;实例分析表明多弱面条件下的坍塌压力预测方法能更为准确地预测页岩地层坍塌压力,对页岩地层钻井工程有一定指导意义。     

页岩瓦斜屋面施工应用技术

页岩瓦因其弯折性较好、安装简便、外型美观、环保节能和防水效果良好等优点,被应用于坡度各异、形状复杂的别墅的坡屋面。本文结合工程实例,对页岩瓦的施工技术进行了详细的阐述,以供类似工程参考。     

厚壁型复合烧结页岩空心砌块性能研究

结合已有专利,综合应用有限容积法和有限元法研制了一种厚壁型复合烧结页岩空心砌块,该砌块具有良好的热工性能和力学性能,可用于墙体自保温承重体系.研究了填充不同保温材料和不同砌筑方式对砌块热工和力学性能的影响,指出填充材料主要影响热工性能,砌筑方式主要影响力学性能.并通过研究表明,叠砌砌块造成的通长孔对墙体热工性能影响很小,应防止砂浆形成热桥.     

节能保温砌块产品在应用中的性价比分析

采用传统定额材料换算方式,对节能保温砌块（一种新型墙体材料）砌体在实际应用中与其他砌体材料的性价比做了对比分析,结论是页岩烧结保温砌块的性价比优于其他砌体材料。     

页岩烧结保温砌块砌体受压变形性能研究

介绍了现有砌体受压本构关系,并对其优缺点进行分析;针对29排孔和21排孔两类页岩烧结保温砌块砌体变形性能进行了分析,根据试验结果给出了该砌体受压应力—应变曲线,并提出了该砌体受压本构关系计算式和弹性模量计算式,最后给出了砌体泊松比建议取值。     

山区地基设计探讨

通过对山区地基的综合分析,介绍了山区地基设计的主要内容,并分析了地基设计中常见问题的应对措施,指出挡土墙设计是影响地基稳定性设计的重要内容,对减少工程隐患,避免工程质量问题的发生以及延长工程的使用寿命具有重要意义。     

KP_1型烧结页岩粉煤灰多孔砖墙体抗震性能试验研究

通过 6片KP1型烧结页岩粉煤灰多孔砖墙片在低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究 ,分析了该种墙体的破坏特征及其强度、滞回曲线、刚度、延性和恢复力特性等抗震性能。在墙体抗剪理论的基础上 ,提出了这种墙体的抗剪承载力计算公式 ,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

Artificial lift infrastructure planning of shale gas horizontal wells considering endogenous and exogenous uncertainties

Artificial lift methods (ALMs) lift the accumulated fluids from horizontal shale-gas-producing wells and help sustain well performance. An artificial lift infrastructure plan includes the selection of ALMs and their operating schedule. This paper presents two discrete-time large-scale nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming models to solve the artificial lift infrastructure planning problem. Two equivalent mixed-integer linear programming models are formulated using the special structure of the nonlinear terms. A set of valid inequalities is defined to tighten the models and shorten solution times to two orders of magnitude, considering well production limitations. We incorporate endogenous uncertainty in ALM-dependent production rates and exogenous uncertainty in shale gas prices into the models. For a hypothetical case study under only endogenous uncertainties, the value of the stochastic solution is 5%. For the same case study, the exogenous uncertainty in gas prices does not change the optimum solution.     

Semianalytical method of two-phase liquid transport in shale reservoirs and its application in fracture characterization

This study presents a new semi-analytical method to simulate the two-phase liquid transport in hydraulic fractures (HF) and matrix system, which can be applied to characterize HF attributes and dynamics using the flowback data from hydraulically fractured shale oil wells. The proposed approach includes a fracture model for HF properties calculation and a matrix model capable of considering multiple liquid transport mechanisms in shale nanopores. The proposed method is first validated with the numerical simulation then applied to a field example in Eagle Ford shale. The numerical validation confirms that our method can accurately characterize fracture attributes and closure dynamics by closely estimating the initial fracture permeability, pore-volume, compressibility, and permeability modulus. Furthermore, the analysis results from numerical simulation and a field example both indicate a clear flow enhancement and deficit for oil and water transport, respectively, due to the slippage effect and variation of fluid properties inside nanopores.     

上扬子地台北缘下寒武统牛蹄塘组海相页岩气地质条件及勘探潜力

基于野外露头和钻井岩芯采样分析,对上扬子地台北缘下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩分布特征、地球化学特征、储层特征、含气性特征及顶底板条件等进行系统研究,并与中国南方地区下寒武统海相页岩展开对比分析,明确页岩气成藏地质条件和勘探潜力。结果表明:上扬子地台北缘下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩发育且厚度大,具有“四高一中”特点,即高脆性、高总有机碳、高孔隙度、高含气量、适中热演化程度,显示良好的页岩气形成地质条件; 相比中国南方地区下寒武统海相页岩,上扬子地台北缘牛蹄塘组页岩具备足够的生烃物质基础和较高的脆性,并且富有机质页岩厚度大,热演化程度低,孔隙度和含气量高,勘探效果较好; 综合考虑优质页岩的厚度、埋深、保存等条件,认为回军坝—麻柳镇一带是上扬子地台北缘牛蹄塘组海相页岩气下一步勘探的最有利地区。