混凝土结构早龄期开裂的分析与预测

目的预测混凝土结构早龄期开裂的可能性.方法以可靠度理论为基础,建立了混凝土结构早龄期开裂的分析模型,利用开裂概率和临界开裂风险来分析与预测混凝土结构早龄期的开裂情况,并将分析模型在混凝土挡土墙工程中应用.结果混凝土挡土墙分析模型的预测结果与观测结果基本一致.结论应用开裂概率和临界开裂风险来分析与预测混凝土结构早龄期开裂,可以优选混凝土材料的组成,尽量减少混凝土结构早龄期的开裂.     

Apparent Activation Energy of Concrete in Early Age Determined by Adiabatic Test

The apparent activation energy of concrete in early age was determined by adiabatic temperature rise test with different initial temperatures. The influence of mineral admixtures such as fly ash, slag and silica fume on the apparent activation energy of concrete was investigated. The equivalent age that expresses the maturity of concrete was calculated to evaluate the cracking risk of concrete in structures. The results reveal that a substitution of 20% fly ash for Portland cement obviously decreases the apparent activation energy of concrete, however, a substitution of 10% silica fume for Portland cement increases the apparent activation. Finite element method analysis of a simulating concrete wall shows that the concrete containing 20% fly ash has the lowest cracking risk.     

Comparison of hydration properties between cement-GGBS-fly ash blended binder and cement-GGBS-steel slag blended binder

The hydration properties of cement-GGBS-fly ash blended binder and cement-GGBS-steel slag blended binder were compared. The experimental results show that the hydration rate of cement-GGBS- steel slag blended binder is higher than that of cement-GGBS-fly ash blended binder within 28 days, but lower than the latter after 28 days. The hydration of cement-GGBS-steel slag blended binder tends to produce more Ca（OH）2 than the hydration of cement-GGBS-fly ash blended binder, especially at late ages. Cement-GGBS- steel slag mortar exhibits higher strength than cement-GGBS-fly ash mortar within 28 days, but at late ages, it exhibits similar compressive strength with eement-GGBS-fly ash mortar and even slightly lower bending strength than cement-GGBS-fly ash mortar. Cement-GGBS-steel slag paste has finer early pore structure but coarser late pore structure than cement-GGBS-fly ash paste. Cement-GGBS-steel slag paste can get satisfied late pore structure and cement-GGBS-steel slag mortar can get satisfied late strength as compared with pure cement paste and pure cement mortar, respectively.     

在模拟井下环境中堵剂的结构形成与失效机理

采用XRD，TG和SEM－EDS等研究了在模拟油井深处温度，压力条件下养护的G级油井水泥和YLD型堵漏剂浆体的水化产物和显微结构。在高温高压动态养护条件下，硬化水泥浆体内部存在大量CSH凝胶和Ca(OH2)晶体，而堵漏剂浆体的主要水化产物是CSH凝胶。在钢管－浆体界面，虽然水化程度更高，但CSH凝胶和Ca(OH)2晶体的量却很少；主要的水化产物是钙矾石和水化钙黄长石。界面处的显微结构也比浆体内部疏松。这表明在钢管－浆体界面处存在严重的溶蚀现象，导致水泥浆体很快损失胶凝性，这可能是水泥基堵剂失效的主要原因。堵漏剂浆体的溶蚀速率小于油井水泥浆体，其溶蚀表面可发生再水化过程，新生成的CSH凝胶具有修补受损界面的“自愈”作用，使堵漏剂浆体与钢管的粘结作用得以维持，从而延长堵漏剂的有效使用期。     

补偿收缩复合胶凝材料的水化与膨胀性能

研究了补偿收缩复合胶凝材料的膨胀性能以及水化过程、水化产物及微观结构等.结果表明:硫铝酸钙-氧化钙类膨胀剂早期膨胀量大、膨胀速度快,更适用于配制高强度等级的补偿收缩混凝土;用水量充足时,该类膨胀剂与水泥在水化早期相互促进,用水量不足时,两者的水化转变为相互抑制;膨胀剂的水化速度快于水泥,在低水胶比情况下也能生成大量膨胀性产物钙矾石,产生理想的膨胀量;在膨胀剂掺量一定的情况下,膨胀剂膨胀效能的发挥与材料内部微观结构的致密程度密切相关.     

养护温度对水泥沥青砂浆强度发展的影响

试验研究了0,25,60℃这3种养护温度下不同沥青含量的水泥沥青砂浆(CAM)在3～120d龄期内的力学强度发展规律.结果表明:高温养护不利于低沥青含量CAM的力学强度发展,但有利于高沥青含量CAM的抗压强度发展;低温养护不利于任何类型CAM的强度发展;养护环境温度主要影响水泥的水化反应和沥青的破乳成膜过程,且对前者的影响大于后者.对不同类型CAM中后期现场养护方法提出了一些建议.     

用电流阶跃法测定钢筋混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀速率

采用电流阶跃法研究了钢筋混凝土这样的复杂体系中的钢筋的锈蚀状态。发展了一种新的数据处理方法,可将混凝土保护层的欧姆电阻和浓差扩散极化阻抗的影响扣除,提高测量结果的准确度。研究证明,电流阶跃法特别适用于确定已脱钝的钢筋的锈蚀速率。     

大体积混凝土水化热温度场的数值计算

以考虑温度影响的混凝土水化放热为基础,通过试验获得混凝土的绝热温升数据,在此基础上建立三维有限元模型,对大体积混凝土足尺模型浇筑后60d内的温度场进行了计算,并与实测数据进行比较。结果表明,混凝土内部最大温升约为40℃,5~7d达到峰值;任意两点间的温度差不超过25℃;在竖直方向上,上下表面温度梯度最大,且出现在混凝土自身放热完毕并开始向环境中散热的初期。     

凝聚态硅灰对低工作性混凝土强度发展历程的影响

在不同的水胶比条件下,考察了凝聚态硅灰对低工作性混凝土强度发展历程的影响.试验结果表明:在研究的水胶比范围内,凝聚态硅灰对低工作性混凝土强度的贡献主要是在后期,且随着水胶比的降低,其增强能力的发挥进一步推迟.