The effects of Nafion ionomer content in PEMFC MEAs prepared by a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) spraying method

We analyzed the effects of ionomer content on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) fabricated by a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) spraying method in partially humidified atmospheric air and hydrogen. When high loading Pt/C catalysts (45.5 wt.%) were used, we observed that catalytic activity was not directly proportional to electrochemical active surface area (EAS). This suggests that ionic conductivity through ionomers in catalyst layers is also an important factor affecting MEA performance. In addition, the effects of mass transport were experimentally evaluated by manipulating the air stoichiometry ratio at the cathodes. MEA performance was more sensitive to flow rates under conditions of higher ionomer content. Due to the combined effect of EAS, ionic conductivity, and mass transfer characteristics (all of which varied according to the ionomer content), an MEA with 30 wt.% ionomer content at the cathode (25 wt.% at the anode) was shown to yield the best performance.     

Investigations on high performance proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer

In order to improve proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) performance, some factors related to the processes of preparing the Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs), such as iridium (Ir) electrocatalyst loading and Nafion^® content at the anode, thicknesses of proton exchange membrane and gas diffusion layers (GDLs), were examined. In addition, a home-made supported Ir/titanium carbide (Ir/TiC, 20% Ir by weight) was developed for the anode. With best commercial Ir catalyst loading of 1.5 mg cm⁻² Ir at the anode, the cell's current densities of 1346 mA cm⁻², 1820 mA cm⁻² and 2250 mA cm⁻² were achieved at the cell potentials of 1.80 V, 1.90 V and 2.00 V, respectively. A PEMWE with 0.3 mg cm⁻² Ir loading of Ir/TiC anode catalyst was comparatively stable and gave current densities of 840 mA cm⁻², 1130 mA cm⁻² and 1463 mA cm⁻² at the cell potentials of 1.80 V, 1.90 V and 2.00 V, respectively. Based on catalysis efficiency of Amperes per milligram of Ir, the Ir/TiC catalyst is found to be more active than unsupported Ir catalyst.     

机载相干MIMO雷达杂波自由度估计研究

针对任意发射波形合成结构影响下的机载相干MIMO雷达杂波自由度的估计问题。论文提出了一种机载相干MIMO雷达杂波自由度估计的构造法,该方法利用发射波形合成结构直接构造等效矩阵代替杂波协方差矩阵进行求秩。通过递推分解等效矩阵,提出并证明了一种杂波自由度快速估计准则,建立了机载相干MIMO雷达发射波形合成结构、阵列稀布构型与杂波自由度之间的定量关系。研究表明:该方法和准则能够准确预测任意发射波形合成结构下的机载MIMO雷达的杂波特征谱结构。该理论既保证了降秩STAP算法性能的最优又具有较小的计算量,并为最优发射波形合成方案和MIMO STAP算法的设计提供了依据。     

模糊规则的自动提取与优化

本文提出了一种自动提取模糊規则集的新方法。本方法首先利用CCM分析闭环模糊系统在某一规则集控制下的全局动态行为,根据控制目标对该规则集进行评价得其性能指标。然后利用GA根据这个性能指标对规则集进行逐代更新和优化,最后得到一个满足要求的规则集。本文以复杂非线性系统倒摆系统为例,介绍用本文的方法提取模糊规则的具体过程,仿真结果表明了本方法的有效性和通用性。     

一种分布式实时嵌入式软件的构件模型Z-CCM

把运用于商务应用和桌面系统的中间件和构件化开发思想应用于分布式实时嵌入式(DistributedReal-timeandEmbedded,DRE)软件领域是当前的一个热门研究话题。CORBA构件模型(CORBAComponentModel,CCM)解决了跨平台语言无关的构件化开发问题,然而在提供QoS保证上CCM存在设计缺陷。论文首先分析了CCM的总体构架,接着提出了一种支持DRE软件开发的新的构件模型Z-CCM,这种构件模型从构件的实现框架、装配过程和运行时环境三方面对CCM进行了优化,以改进CCM在提供QoS保证上的缺陷,从而可以提高DRE软件的开发效率,文章最后介绍了Z-CCM的应用背景。     

CORBA 构件模型综述

随着计算机网络技术和应用的发展,分布构件技术成为分布式计算领域的热点,CCM就是主流的分布构件技术之一。首先介绍了CCM产生的背景,然后对CCM的重要组成部分进行了详细的阐述,并对现有的基于CCM的研究和实现进行了简要的分析,最后将CCM与EJB和COM进行了比较。     

分布式系统动态配置技术的研究与实现

动态配置技术用于系统运行时刻改变系统配置,从而满足分布式系统对在线演化的需求。如何保证系统一致性,并尽可能提高动态配置性能,是动态配置研究需要解决的关键问题。本文提出了行为一致性,并将系统一致性总结为行为一致性、构件状态一致性、应用状态一致性和引用一致性。通过扩展静止状态理论,本文提出了采用等待方式和阻塞方式驱动构件进入静止状态的算法,保证了行为一致性。通过分析动态配置意图,本文提出了保证系统一致性的动态配置算法,确定了采用等待方式和阻塞方式的动态配置场景,从而在严格保证行为一致性的前提下,尽可能地提高了动态配置性能。最后,本文基于 CCM 构件平台实现了动态配置平台。性能测试的结果表明,该平台可满足应用对性能的要求。     

静电除尘用高频高压电源谐振参数的设计

静电除尘用高频电源具有体积小、节能、除尘效率高等诸多优势,近年来成为工业除尘领域广泛研究的一个热点。基于电流连续模式的变换器可以解决电流断续模式高频电源谐振电流峰值过大的问题,其在工作过程中实现了软开关,开关损耗也不大,有利于进一步扩容除尘电源。但变换器谐振参数的选取往往是依靠经验和多次试验获得,很不方便,本文对LCC谐振电路参数作了理论推导,并且利用Saber软件对计算结果进行了仿真验证。     

Reinforcement mechanics of passive bolts in conventional tunnelling

According to the conventional pullout tests for passive bolts, a spring–slider model is adopted in this paper to account for the interaction relationship between the bolt and the rock mass. Based on the incremental theory of plasticity and the plane strain axial symmetry assumption, an elasto-plastic ground and bolt responses analyses method is proposed. In addition, the validity of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations. The reinforcement mechanics of passive bolts in conventional tunnelling is clearly demonstrated via an illustrative case study. Through parameter studies, the influence of the bolt properties on the reinforcement effect is highlighted. The proposed method provides a framework to the elasto-plastic ground response analyses with passive bolts reinforcement. It also permits incorporating other features about the bolt–rock interaction model or other failure criterion of the rock mass in further analyses.     

基于分段数值分析和多项式拟合的织物染料配色研究

为了克服传统配色的诸多缺陷,提高配色速度和精度,本文将分段数值分析和多项式拟合的思想引入到织物的配色染色过程中。以色彩混合原理及理论为基础,分析和处理大量的实验数据,并以Matlab数学工具箱为建模辅助工具,阐述了在计算机配色过程中不同染料浓度与染色小样的三刺激值C,M,y之间的数学关系。经过大量的数学验证,应用上述方法建立的数学关系模型,其绝对误差大多数在±5．0％以内,效果比较理想,可以应用到实际的织物染色生产中。