GH4706合金的动态再结晶与晶粒控制*

采用双锥压缩实验结合有限元数值模拟, 研究了变形温度、变形量对GH4706合金动态再结晶(DRX)与η相的影响, 分析了发生DRX的临界条件, 探讨了利用η相细化晶粒的方法。结果表明: GH4706合金DRX机制为应变诱发的不连续原始晶界弓出; 临界DRX温度(T_DRX)为975℃, 而临界变形量(ε_DRX)则取决于变形温度与变形生热。由于η相的溶解温度近于T_DRX, 当合金在略低于T_DRX温度变形时, 有部分η相残留, 具有阻碍亚晶界或晶界迁移的效果。由此, 对GH4706合金在变形温度低于T_DRX条件下进行大变形, 可利用η相与再结晶的交互作用, 细化合金晶粒。     

GH864合金显微组织与力学性能的关联性

通过对GH864合金进行不同的固溶处理及时效处理,研究合金中g￠相的含量变化规律及碳化物回溶析出规律,及其对合金晶粒度的影响和对拉伸性能、蠕变性能及裂纹扩展性能的影响。结果表明,相同热处理制度下,晶粒越均匀细小,强度越高;晶粒尺寸越大,裂纹扩展速率越低;在960~1080 ℃范围内,g￠相含量随固溶温度的升高而降低,经过时效处理后g￠相含量趋于一致,此过程冷却介质对g￠相含量影响不显著;g￠相和碳化物交互作用影响合金晶粒尺寸长大,在1020 ℃以下固溶处理,晶粒长大十分缓慢。此外,合金的晶粒度尺寸对蠕变性能影响显著,存在最佳晶粒度以使性能发挥最优。     

GH4169合金涡轮盘锻件晶粒度分析和控制

以低压一级涡轮盘为典型件进行生产试制。结合有限元模拟分析可知,轮毂中心部位为难变形区,晶粒也容易长大。应优化设计,进一步提高GH4169合金涡轮盘锻件质量。     

热处理对GH4199合金组织的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)及布氏硬度实验研究了热处理制度对GH4199合金组织和硬度的影响。结果表明:在1080~1180℃进行固溶处理,合金硬度随着加热时间的延长逐渐下降,固溶温度越低,达到稳定硬度值所需的时间越长,且稳定硬度值也就越高;随着固溶温度的增加奥氏体晶粒逐渐长大,超过1120℃后晶粒明显粗化;在1120℃以下,固溶处理时间对晶粒大小几乎没有影响;合金组织中含有大量的碳化物,主要以M6C形式存在,也有少量的M23C6和MC。随着固溶温度的增加和时间的延长,在晶界呈链状不均匀分布的碳化物逐渐溶解、粗化。     

Size and Shape Effects for Gamma Prime in Alloy 738

Cast IN-738 and wrought Inconel 738 are generic applications for most metallurgical designers of gas turbine blades in the Power Generation Industry on a worldwide basis... Particularly, where first stage buckets are concerned. This is the case because both alloy types exhibit outstanding creep and stress rupture properties to provide an extended service period in a harsh environment. Typically, Alloy 738 is fired in the turbine at 1970 °F (1074 °C) which is about 0.9T _m where T _m represents the melting temperature... A very demanding service temperature, indeed. Furthermore, Alloy 738 is expected to endure this high temperature for a duration of 26,000 h at base load before being retired (R) or replaced (R′) or reused (R′′) issues are ever considered. When these three (3) problems (R-R′-R′′) are brought before a given Materials Review Board for appropriate debate, many pro and con arguments are always evident because (1) Gas turbine blades are not inexpensive and (2) The threat of field failures with possible product liability litigation is of maximum interest to all gas turbine repair shop personnel. The intent of this paper is show how gamma prime precipitate particles can be better examined and more efficiently evaluated using a new characterization method. This research is offered as a contribution to the sum of total knowledge.     

GH163缝焊结合线伸入问题的研究

镍基高温合金GH163在进行电阻缝焊过程中,常见的缺陷就是结合线伸人.结合线伸人容易引起应力集中,减小了熔核的实际有效直径,在焊件承受动载荷时,有可能发展成为裂纹,引起接头的破坏.因此,弄清其形成原因和机理对预防结合线伸人的形成十分必要.本文通过对GH163的电阻缝焊试验和对结合线部位的元素成分分析,确定了结合线伸入的形成原因,并分析了其形成机理.为解决高温合金电阻缝焊过程中结合线伸人问题提供了理论依据.     

不同热处理工艺下GH864合金的组织性能分析

通过对不同热处理工艺条件下的GH864材料的金相组织、性能以及晶界析出物的分析可知,水冷的机械性能优于空冷,1080℃时的硬度较1020℃时高,1080℃时的一次固熔的晶粒较1020℃有所长大。且不同热处理方式对晶界行为的影响不同,但强化相γ′均呈细小弥散状析出。     

改型的GH4145镍基合金

为了提高改型的ＧＨ４１４５合金的中温塑韧性，消除缺口敏感性，研究了不同热处理工艺对合金性能的影响。结果表明，在适当的热处理条件下，改型的ＧＨ４１４５合金在５００￣７００℃区的塑性得到改善，并且消除了缺口敏感性，达到了汽轮机紧固件用材料的技术要求。     

Evaluating Alloy Composition Using The Gibbs Triangle

Ingot quality is characterized by SPC evaluations; meaning Structure (S), Property (P), and Composition (C). Structure-property studies are classified as “sensitive” attributes while composition is considered to be an “insensitive” parameter. For example, it is common to hear the phrase that global composition is “insensitive” to structure and property values. For superalloys, structural analyses are applied using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine both size, shape and distribution effects for the gamma prime phase. Examination of properties requires mechanical tests for strength, hardness, toughness and, so forth. However, for investigations on composition, the scientific community still depends on optical emission spectroscopy (OES) for measurements of global results using arc burns to represent bulk volume. This leads to the obvious question…. What needs to be done to better quantify the OES results? Further…. How can the controlling microconstituents of a superalloy be better related to the overall composition results for an improved qualification of ingots? This article addresses these needs and priorities. And, the said article is offered as a contribution to the sum of total knowledge.     

GH1131合金热处理制度的研究

通过对GH1131合金经不同固溶温度处理后组织的观察 ,分析研究了合金的再结晶过程 ,并确定该合金的热处理温度的范围 ,得出将温度控制在 1140± 10℃时可保证良好的综合性能。