医用塑料管道产品的制备加工及其力学性能研究进展

综述了人工血管产品的制备和球囊导管的加工方法,比较并分析了医用塑料管道产品(人工血管、诊疗用聚氨酯导管)的力学性能指标要求,对塑料微通道产品即微通道塑料薄膜(MCF)、微通道塑料导管(MCT)在医用领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

大深宽比双T形微通道内液-液两相流可视化研究

通过高速摄像对水力直径0.176mm、深宽比2.4的双T形矩形微通道内的液-液两相流动进行了可视化实验研究。改变连续相（硅油）和分散相（水）的流量比,记录分析了微通道不同部位油-水两相流的流型和流型发展演化情况。实验结果表明,在微通道上游T形部位的油-水两相流型主要包括滴状流、弹状流、波平行流和平行流;在微通道的中间部位,绘制了基于水和硅油量纲为1韦伯数的流型图,并将其与相关文献进行了比较。同时,发现微通道内液塞及液滴的长度（量纲为1）与油/水流量比之间存在线性关系,液塞/液滴速度比两相混合物表观速度大,建立了能够准确描述液塞/液滴运动速度的实验拟合公式。最后,研究了液滴在微通道下游T形部位的行为,观察到断裂和不断裂两种模式并进行了分析,给出了划分断裂与否的流型图。     

凹槽微通道铜-水纳米流体传热与流动分析

对铜-水纳米流体在圆弧型凹槽微通道中的传热与流动特性进行了分析。比较了不同体积分数的铜-水纳米流体在深宽比分别为0.3和0.5的凹槽微通道中的温度和速度分布,分析了体积分数和凹槽深宽比对凹槽微通道中铜-水纳米流体的传热系数和流体输运动力因子的影响。凹槽强化了微通道对流传热,与平板型微通道相比,铜-水纳米流体在圆弧型凹槽微通通内呈现出不同的传热特性。纳米流体体积分数、流体输运动力因子和凹槽深宽比对凹槽强化微通道传热影响较大。分析结果与已有的实验结果符合较好。     

微通道内伴有化学吸收气液两相流的空隙率与压力降

微通道内气液两相流空隙率与压力降对微反应器的热质传递性能有显著影响,是微反应器的重要设计参数。采用高速摄像仪和压力测量系统分别对矩形微通道内单乙醇胺水溶液化学吸收CO₂过程的空隙率和压力降进行了研究,考察了弹状流下气液两相流量与化学反应速率对空隙率及压力降的影响。结果表明:当液相流量一定时,微通道内空隙率和压力降均随着气相流量的增大而增大,空隙率随化学反应速率的增大而减小,压力降随化学反应速率的增大而增大;当气相流量一定时,随着液相流量和化学反应速率的上升,微通道内空隙率下降,而压力降上升。提出了微通道内伴有化学吸收的空隙率和压力降的半理论预测模型,模型平均误差分别为15.79%和11.12%,显示了良好的预测性能。     

采用折叠扁管与挤压扁管的微通道换热器长效特性

对采用折叠扁管与传统挤压扁管的微通道换热器长效特性进行了对比研究。分别进行了标准盐雾腐蚀实验,对比腐蚀前后两个换热器样品的换热量、空气侧压降和总热阻变化情况,结果表明,折叠扁管的样品在腐蚀后的各项性能均优于挤压管的样品。传统挤压扁管样件的翅片与扁管连接处率先被腐蚀破坏,14 d腐蚀后就可观察明显的翅片脱落现象,且在28 d腐蚀后挤压扁管上出现泄漏;折叠扁管样件则是翅片率先被腐蚀,而翅片与扁管的连接处没有明显损坏,在49 d腐蚀后折叠扁管没有出现泄漏现象。这是由于折叠扁管能方便地配备保护层,实现牺牲翅片保护扁管的方法,在腐蚀过程中能有效地保护更为重要的扁管。折叠扁管的长效特性优于传统挤压扁管。     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the slip flow through triangular microchannels

Three-dimensional numerical analysis for fully developed incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer through triangular microchannels over the slip flow regime is simulated in this paper. In order to study the flow through the channel, the Navier–Stokes equations are solved in conjunction with slip/jump boundary conditions. The influences of Knudsen number (0.001 < Kn < 0.1), aspect ratio (0.2 < A < 4.5), and Reynolds number (1 < Re < 15) on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are extensively investigated in the paper. The numerical results reveal that the rarefaction decreases the Poiseuille number, while its effect on the Nusselt number completely depends on the interaction between velocity slip and temperature jump. It is also found that the aspect ratio has an important role in the analysis, but the variation of Reynolds number is less remarkable.     

Heat transfer in rectangular microchannels heat sink using nanofluids

The effect of using nanofluids on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in rectangular shaped microchannel heat sink (MCHS) is numerically investigated for Reynolds number range of 100–1000. In this study, the MCHS performance using alumina–water (Al₂O₃-H₂O) nanofluid with volume fraction ranged from 1% to 5% was used as a coolant is examined. The three-dimensional steady, laminar flow and heat transfer governing equations are solved using finite volume method. The MCHS performance is evaluated in terms of temperature profile, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, friction factor, wall shear stress and thermal resistance. The results reveal that when the volume fraction of nanoparticles is increased under the extreme heat flux, both the heat transfer coefficient and wall shear stress are increased while the thermal resistance of the MCHS is decreased. However, nanofluid with volume fraction of 5% could not be able to enhance the heat transfer or performing almost the same result as pure water. Therefore, the presence of nanoparticles could enhance the cooling of MCHS under the extreme heat flux conditions with the optimum value of nanoparticles. Only a slight increase in the pressure drop across the MCHS is found compared with the pure water-cooled MCHS.     

微化工技术

微化工技术是20世纪90年代初顺应可持续发展与高技术发展的需要而兴起的一门新的学科,它着重研究时空特征尺度在数百微米和数百毫秒以内的微型设备和并行分布系统中的过程特征和规律.微化工系统通常包括了微热系统、微反应系统、微分离系统和微分析系统.微型设备的面积体积比很大,表面作用增强,传递作用比在常规尺度的设备中提高了2～3个数量级.本文就微化工技术的发展历史、基本特征、研究内容以及发展方向做一简单的介绍.     

强化管内沸腾换热实验研究

主要研究在低过热度下微槽对流动沸腾换热特性的影响，分别以单工质甲醇和甲醇与甲苯的混合物为工质对不同流量情况下光管、直槽管和螺旋槽管的流动沸腾换热特性进行了实验研究。研究结果表明：对单工质甲醇来说，螺旋槽管可以明显起到强化传热作用，而且流量越低，强化传热效果越明显。对混合工质来说，当流量较低时，螺旋槽管强化传热效果不明显，而在流量较高时，强化传热效果比较明显。无论是单工质还是混合工质，直槽管在实验所能达到的壁面温度条件下不能起到明显的强化传热效果。还给出了螺旋槽管强化传热的定性解释。     

Investigation on effect of grain orientation in photochemical machining of Monel 400

In this study, microchannels with widths of 60, 100, 150, 200, and 250?µm were fabricated on the surface of Monel 400 alloy, and the effect of the rolling direction on the surface finish and etching depth was investigated. The obtained results revealed that the quality of the microchannel surface finish was better along the rolling direction than across the rolling direction, owing to the grain boundary orientations along the (001) plane. In addition, the etching depth increased along the rolling direction due to the presence of residual stress and plastic strain, which ultimately improved the microchannel quality.