Effects of ozone treatment on pesticide residues in food: a review

In agriculture, pesticide residues have always posed a major safety hazard to human health. With the development of agricultural production and improvements in science and technology, additional methods for degradation of pesticide residues have emerged. Amongst them, ozone treatment recently became a popular method owing to its outstanding technical advantages. This review is an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms by which ozone treatment degrades pesticide residues. The main mechanism involves direct oxidation by oxygen atoms, and indirect oxidation driven by hydroxyl radicals. The effects of ozone treatment on pesticide residues in food with respect to the ozone concentration, duration of ozone treatment, type of food, variety of pesticides, level of pesticide residues and environmental factors have been discussed. Furthermore, the impact of ozone treatment on the quality of food is highlighted. Low levels of ozone result in minor changes to the visual and sensory characteristics of food. In addition, this article discusses several restrictions surrounding the current application of ozone treatment for the degradation of pesticide residues. More specifically, the most crucial issue is the potential toxicity of ozonation byproducts generated by the process, which is also the current focus of research on ozone treatment for the degradation of pesticide residues. After weighing the advantages and disadvantages of ozone treatment, it is recommended as a method of degrading pesticide residues.     

2-氯酚污染土壤原位臭氧化修复的数学模型

A microscopic diffusion-reaction model was developed to simulate in-situ ozonation for the remediation of contaminated soil, i.e., to predict the temporal and spatial distribution of target contaminant in the subsurface.The sequential strategy was employed to obtain the numerical solution of the model using finite difference method. A non-uniform grid of discretization points was employed to increase the accuracy of the numerical solution by means of coordinate transformation. One-dimensional column tests were conducted to verify the model. The column was packed with simulated soils that were spiked with 2-chlorophenol. Ozone gas passed through the column at a flow time intervals. Compared the experimental data with the simulated values, it was found that the mathematical model fitted data well during most time of the experiment.     

Removal of organic contaminants in paper pulp effluents by AOPs: an economic study

The degradation of the organic content of a bleaching Kraft mill effluent was carried out using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). The study was focused on the identification of the AOP, or combination of AOPs, that showed the highest efficiency together with the lowest cost. Direct UV photolysis (UV), TiO₂ assisted‐photocatalysis (TiO₂/UV), Fenton, Fenton‐like, and photo‐Fenton reactions (Fe(II)/H₂O/UV), UV‐assisted ozonation (O₃/UV) and addition of Fe²⁺ and/or H₂O₂ to the TiO₂/UV and the O₃/UV systems, were used for the degradation of a conventional cellulose bleaching effluent. The effluent was characterized by the general parameters TOC, COD and color, and analyzed for chlorinated low molecular weight compounds using GC–MS. The costs of the systems per unit of TOC reduction were compared. Fenton, Fenton‐like and photo‐Fenton reactions achieved better levels of TOC degradation than photocatalysis and with lower cost's than photocatalytic treatments. Ozonation is an effective but rather expensive process. The use of UVA light, however, increased the effectiveness of ozonation with a significant decrease (>25%) in the operational cost. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

臭氧氧化NP_nEO及其代谢产物NP的反应机理

为提高再生水质量和回用安全性,采用臭氧氧化壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO)及其代谢产物壬基酚(NP),分析了臭氧氧化NPnEO的效果及其反应历程.研究结果表明,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的臭氧氧化主要发生在乙氧基链上,随着氧化进程的进行,各种聚合度NPnEO中的EO链发生断裂,聚合度随之减小,前10 min内,混合物中各聚合度的NPnEO所占的比例仍符合泊松分布.壬基酚极易被臭氧氧化,接触5 min后去除率可达到90%;壬基酚的臭氧氧化不完全,有壬醇类中间产物生成.     

Gallic acid water ozonation using activated carbon

The ozonation of gallic acid in water in the presence of activated carbon has been studied at pH 5. Hydrogen peroxide, ketomalonic and oxalic acids were identified as by-products. The process involves two main periods of reaction. The first period, up to complete disappearance of gallic acid, during which ozonation rates are slightly improved by the presence of activated carbon. The second one, during which activated carbon plays an important role as promoter, and total mineralization of the organic content of the water is achieved. The organic matter removal is due to the sum of contributions of ozone direct reactions and adsorption during the first period and to a free radical mechanism likely involving surface reactions of ozone and hydrogen peroxide on the carbon surface during the second period. There is a third transition period where by-products concentration reach maximum values and ozonation is likely due to both direct and free radical mechanisms involving ozone and adsorption. Discussion on the mechanism and kinetics of the process is also presented both for single ozonation and activated carbon ozonation.     

臭氧催化氧化法对尾矿淋溶液中氨氮的去除研究

采用臭氧-载铜活性炭催化氧化法处理黄金尾矿闭库淋溶液,探讨了活性炭在臭氧氧化过程中的作用机理及p H对臭氧催化氧化降解氨氮的影响。试验结果表明:催化剂的投加显著提高了氨氮的去除率。初始p H为9.57时,O3氧化对氨氮的去除率仅为54.38%,而投加活性炭和载铜活性炭后,氨氮的去除率分别提高到63.92%和70.67%;随着废水的初始p H由7.2增加到11.43,氨氮的去除率由28.35%增加到99.45%。     

MgO催化臭氧氧化水中氨氮的研究

采用沉淀法制备的MgO催化剂催化臭氧氧化水中氨氮,研究了pH、臭氧流量、催化剂投加量、时间和温度等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明,500℃下煅烧得到的MgO的催化活性最高;在pH为9,MgO投加量为1 g/L,臭氧流量为12 mg/min,曝气时间为2 h,反应温度为60℃的条件下,当初始氨氮质量浓度为50 mg/L时,氨氮去除率可以达到96%,处理出水达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)的5类标准。叔丁醇抑制实验表明,MgO催化臭氧氧化氨氮的机理为MgO催化O_3分解产生·OH,从而使氨氮得到降解。动力学分析显示,该反应符合准一级动力学方程,相关系数为0.994 6。     

非均相催化臭氧氧化深度处理造纸废水的性能

采用农业废弃物水稻秸秆制备秸秆基活性炭,将其负载过渡金属Mn和Fe作为臭氧催化剂。采用正交试验考察了制备参数对其催化活性的影响,结果表明,最佳制备条件:浸渍时间为12 h,热解温度为500℃,热解时间为3 h。以制备的催化剂催化臭氧氧化深度处理造纸废水,COD和色度平均去除率分别为74.3%和80.5%,处理出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A排放标准。制备的催化剂稳定性高且经济环保,适于造纸废水深度处理的工程应用。     

γ-Al_2O_3负载氧化锰催化臭氧化苯酚的研究

采用纳米级γ-Al_2O_3作为催化剂基体,制备γ-Al_2O_3负载氧化锰纳米催化剂来催化臭氧化降解水中的苯酚。采用浸渍法制备负载型的金属氧化物催化剂,以间歇反应的方式对不同浸渍浓度下催化剂的效能,不同催化剂投加量及苯酚溶液初始pH值等影响因素进行了深入研究。研究表明,4%Mn/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂显著提高了臭氧化降解水中苯酚的效果。催化剂投加量试验研究表明4%Mn/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂具有更多的活性位点。基于此,提出了催化臭氧化苯酚的反应机理。     

非均相催化臭氧化污水处理技术研究进展

非均相催化臭氧化技术因具有反应快、无二次污染、处理效率高等优点而得到快速发展。通过介绍金属氧化物催化剂、金属羟基氧化物催化剂以及负载型催化剂,总结了近几年国内外非均相催化臭氧化催化剂的处理效果、催化机理等,分析了该技术的优势、存在的问题,指出了未来的发展方向。