蜜氨基聚脲多元醇对聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响

以自制蜜氨基聚脲多元醇为主要原料制备高回弹聚氨酯软泡,研究蜜氨基聚脲多元醇对泡沫的开孔率、密度、回弹率、压陷硬度、水平燃烧速率和氧指数等方面的影响。三聚氰胺聚脲多元醇为其泡沫提供了优良的泡沫压陷硬度和阻燃性。玻璃化温度和热解温度测试值表明蜜氨基聚脲多元醇为其泡沫提供了优异的热稳定性。     

氢化液中分离催化剂的方法

本文介绍了糖醇生产中氢化液所含的催化剂的几种分离方法，并对几种分离方法的优缺点进行了详细比较。实践表明，磁性分离机的应用，能减少氢化液的沉降时间（从而减少氢化后沉降槽的体积），较显著地提高糖醇生产效率。     

Effects of morphology and composition on catalytic performance of double metal cyanide complex catalyst

Double metal cyanide (DMC) complexes based on Zn₃[Co(CN)₆]₂ were prepared using different zinc salts and complexing agents and They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and XRD. The catalytic properties of DMC complexes were determined in polymerization of propylene oxide. Great differences in morphology of DMC complexes was were correlated with preparation route as well as with the kind of zinc salts employed. The catalytic activity was strongly dependent on the morphology of DMC complexes and composition of catalysts. The study revealed that the amorphous catalyst made from ZnCl₂ and t-BuOH had the highest activity (up to 26 kg polymer/g catalyst). The DMC catalyst was non-stoichiometric. Polymerization of propylene oxide (PO) catalyzed by DMC proceeded in a controlled manner. The molecular weight of each polymer was controlled by the monomer/initiator ratio, the values of molecular weight distribution (MWD) were in the range of 1.23–1.48. The polymer has an atactic structure and a head-to-tail regiosequance.     

钻井液降滤失剂聚合醇PEA的研制与评价

合成出了一种用作钻井液降滤失剂的新聚合醇类产品——PEA。介绍了丙三醇与环氧氯丙烷的聚合产物PEA的最佳合成条件：ECH与丙三醇的物质的量比为1．0：1．0；碱与ECH的物质的量比为1．2：1．0；溶剂为丙酮，催化剂为氯化铝。评价了聚合醇PEA在淡水浆、4％盐水浆和MMH正电胶井浆中的降滤失效果。实验结果表明，聚合醇PEA可以用作水基钻井液的降滤失剂，而且PEA在4％盐水浆中的降滤失效果好于其在淡水浆中的降滤失效果，加量大于40．0g／L时，在淡水浆中降滤失率大于84％，表观粘度有所增加，滤饼质量得到改善，在4％盐水浆中降滤失率大于89．1％，表观粘度有一定增加，但增加幅度小于淡水浆；在淡水浆中，PEA在高温高压下仍有良好的降滤失效果，可以抗120℃的高温；PEA可用于正电胶钻井液，并与其它多种处理剂配伍性较好。     

中低相对分子质量多元醇类钻井液添加剂PA的研究与应用

通过中低相对分子质量多元醇对钻井液性能影响的试验，找出一种多元醇做主剂，选择其他几种多元醇与其进行复配，弥补单剂多元醇的缺点。采用正交试验，筛选出多元醇类钻井液添加剂PA的最佳配方。结果表明，添加剂PA与聚合物钻井液配伍性好，不影响聚合物钻井液的流变性，提高钻井液的润滑性和膨胀抑制性。多元醇类钻井液添加剂PA已在塔里木油田柯深101井成功应用，取得较好效果。     

Characterisation of polyurethane networks based on vegetable derived polyol

A polyurethane (PU) network based on vegetable derived polyol has been characterised and compared to a synthetic based network. Fracture mechanics studies showed the lowest tear strength for the vegetable networks, which decreased as molecular weight of the vegetable based polyol increased. Swelling studies were carried out to determine the molecular weight between crosslinks and polymer networks made from wholly synthetic polyols were shown to have higher molecular weight between crosslinks. Moreover, vegetable networks showed higher solubles' content. Sol-fractions were analysed by several techniques. It was found that vegetable networks based sol-fraction was mainly its correspondent raw polyol while low molecular weight oligomers were detected for the most part in synthetic networks based sol-fraction.     

竹粉在多元醇中热化学液化的研究

以不同多元醇作为液化剂,硫酸为催化剂,在液固比为10∶3的条件下将竹粉一次性加入进行液化,研究了竹粉的液化效率,采用了分步液化法来降低液固比.结果表明,竹粉一次性加入进行液化,聚乙二醇(PEG-400)/甘油(质量比80/20)混和液化剂的液化效果最好;分步液化时在液固比为10∶6的情况下,PEG/甘油体系中的液化残渣率可控制在10%以内,同时液化产物还具有良好的流动性,羟值为230～310 mgKOH/g,适用于聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备.     

Improving antibacterial,biocompatible, and reusable properties of polyvinyl chloride via the addition of aluminum alkoxides

Global bacterial infections associated with conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) medical devices place a heavy burden on healthcare systems and thus it will be desirable if medical devices are made from antimicrobial PVC. There are numerous studies focusing on polymer surface modifications to either leach antimicrobial agents or kill pathogenic microbes upon direct contact. In this work, mannitol fumarate ester-based aluminum metal alkoxide (MFE-Al) additive was developed to confer simultaneously improved antibacterial property and enhanced high temperature sterilization resistance of the resultant PVC. Data obtained confirm that the MFE-Al stabilized PVC sheets significantly inhibit 98% bacterial growth. They also show biocompatibility with cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes and hemocompatibility in vitro. Dry heat sterilization is generally not suitable for PVC medical wares due to their poor thermal compatibility. Surprisingly, our antimicrobial-biocompatible PVC can maintain stability at 180°C for 90 min. Such a high thermal stability indicates the MFE-Al stabilized PVC can endure 90 cycles of dry-heat sterilization without significant damage. This study may provide a solution to reduce PVC medical waste for a maximum benefit without compromising human health or the environment.     

多元醇稀释法制备环糊精包裹白藜芦醇的工艺研究

传统的环糊精包裹活性物的制备工艺都是以有机溶剂作为溶解活性物的载体。本研究使用化妆品中常用的多元醇代替有机溶剂,首次采用多元醇稀释法操作工艺。以白藜芦醇为活性物代表,用多元醇溶解,稳定高效地将活性物包埋于羟丙基-β-环糊精中,很好避免了有机溶剂残留的问题,并进行稳定性测试,采用光学电子显微镜观察析出物结构。采用高效液相色谱对多元醇稀释法环糊精包裹白藜芦醇水溶液中的白藜芦醇含量检测。采用红外光谱法、紫外光谱法和透射电子显微镜对其进行表征。本研究创新的多元醇稀释法工艺与传统工艺在包裹率、稳定性、溶解度等保持一致,并能成功应用于化妆品开发。     

多功能阻燃剂聚醚多元醇膦酸酯/亚磷酸酯的合成

以丙三醇作为起始剂,三溴苯酚缩水甘油醚、环氧氯丙烷及环氧丙烷为共聚单体,以三氟化硼/四氢呋喃为催化剂合成的阻燃聚醚多元醇作原料,与亚磷酸三甲酯进行酯交换反应和Arbuzov重排反应,合成了新型聚醚多元醇膦酸酯/亚磷酸酯(PEPP)。通过元素分析和IR及1HNMR等分析方法对其化学结构进行了表征。考察了反应物料比对多元醇(HIROL-II)的性能和PEPP应用性能的影响。试验结果表明,适宜的环氧丙烷/环氧氯丙烷/三溴苯酚缩水甘油醚物质的量比是6∶1 1∶1,用23%PEPP制备的聚氨酯泡沫氧指数为31。PEPP是一种热稳定性高、阻燃效果好,同时兼有增塑剂和抗氧剂功能的新型橡塑助剂。