声誉效应下的创业投资薪酬激励机制

声誉与薪酬都是创业投资激励机制的重要组成因素,但对二者之间的互动关系还缺乏深入研究。为此构建两阶段博弈的数学模型,研究了声誉效应下的创业投资薪酬激励机制,并与不考虑声誉效应的情况进行了比较。分析表明,在薪酬激励机制下,声誉效应可以促使创业投资家提高前期努力程度;创业投资家第一阶段建立的声誉越高,则在第二阶段博弈中需要付出的相对努力越少;同时会产生棘轮效应,也就是随着创业投资家声誉的提高,外部投资者对其期望值也提高,这样导致创业投资家资本收益的分红比例降低。     

从"天价医疗费"看医患关系的治理机制

本文以中央电视台报道的“天价医疗费”为例分析说明医患契约的特征及其所导致的后果,以此为基础,我们利用博弈论方法分析了治理医患关系的具体机制。本文的分析表明,治理医患关系的重要机制是声誉机制,但利用声誉机制治理医患关系要受到一些因素的影响。     

Mechanism for proof-of-reputation consensus for blockchain validator nodes

A mechanism for proof-of-reputation consensus for blockchain validator nodes is proposed to deal with existing blockchain consensus mechanism's lack of evaluation of validator node's reputation and the inability to effectively prevent Byzantine behaviors. First, an interactive indicator is designed for validator nodes to represent their contribution in the blockchain network, which will be used as the reputation benchmark of validator nodes. Second, another reliability indicator is designed for validator nodes from the aspects of online time and the number of valid blocks, which will be used as the weight of the reputation improvement of validator nodes. Finally, the reputation of validator nodes of the current round is comprehensively calculated, and a set of producing validators of the current round is selected based on the reputation ranking. Experimental results show that the proof of reputation consensus mechanism has certain advantages in dealing with malicious and lazy behaviors, and that it can also reduce the impact of capital and energy consumption on the blockchain consensus mechanism while ensuring the validity of the credit evaluation.     

一种基于声誉的不良网页协作检测机制

大量不良网页的出现威胁了互联网安全。为了检测不良网页，提出了一种基于声誉的协作检测机制，WebShield。用户对网页评分，服务器汇聚用户评分得到网页的综合评分，并依此检测不良网页。设计了一种基于贡献的声誉模型，通过用户声誉加强评分汇聚的准确性和鲁棒性。模拟表明，WebShield对不良网页的检测效率较高、对恶意用户的抵抗性较好。     

P2P环境下安全可靠的分布式信誉信息管理机制-RepMan

信誉信息的真实可信是P2P环境下信誉机制有效发挥作用的前提。本文针对当前分布式信誉信息管理存在的不足，提出了一种结合安全性、可靠性、可审计性和高效性为一体的分布式信誉信息管理机制RepMan。RepMan能够有效消除档案点作弊、冒名、伪造和纂改服务评价等多种恶意攻击行为的影响，是一种支持分布式信誉机制安全部署的较为通用的信誉信息管理机制。     

基于可信计算的网格行为信任模型研究

网格环境中的信任问题是网格计算发展过程中必须解决的一个重要问题。网格实体间的信任可以分为身份信任和行为信任两种，其中行为信任关注的是更广泛意义上的可信性问题，具有动态性和不确定性等特点，实体可以根据彼此之间的交互经验动态更新实体间的信任关系。而可信计算技术是为应对计算机安全问题而提出的一种底层的、整体的解决方案。该文以可信计算平台为基础，提出了一种网格环境中的行为信任模型，并对行为信任进行量化评估，最后对该模型中的几个关键问题进行了分析。     

对等网络信誉系统的研究

本文主要介绍了对等网络信誉系统的工作流程,简要归纳了目前对等网络信誉系统的研究中遇到的一些挑战,对信誉系统的设计要素做了初步的探讨。     

Grid trust based on pre-measure and two-level reputation

Security has been the focus of grid systems recently. As a kind of tool, grid security infrastructure (GSI) provides the authentication and authorization services and so on. These mechanisms mostly belong to the objective factors, which have not met the needs of security. As the subjective factor, trust model plays an important role in security field. A new two-level reputation trust architecture for grid is given to reduce the costs of system management largely, in which trust relationships amongst virtual organizations (VOs) are built on domain trust managers (DTMs) rather than resource nodes (RNs). Taking inter-domain trust propagation for example, trust model is improved by integrating global reputation and the subjective trust concept of each recommender into synthesizing final trust value. Moreover, before the grid starts to interact with the trustworthy entities, the pre-measure scheme is presented to filter distrustful entities further, which is based on accuracy and honesty. Experimental results indicate that the model can prevent from the malicious attacks better.     

超级节点对等网中的声誉管理

对现有P2P文件搜索协议进行扩展，提出了一个适用于超级节点对等网的声誉管理协议——SP2PRep。它将叶子节点的声誉投票集中在超级节点上，声誉查询仅在超级节点间进行，搜索空间小。给出了协议执行步骤和实现的消息格式。分析和仿真表明，与现有对等网中的声誉管理协议相比，SP2PRep减少了带宽消耗，加快了声誉查找速度，提高了平均的服务成功率，达到了同等的投票安全性。     

面向服务计算的信任预测模型

大多数信任预测模型的动态自适应能力较弱,且服务计算环境下代理之间交互的安全性较差.为此,提出一种面向服务计算的信任预测模型(SOC-TPM).该模型结合人类认知行为,引入直接信任度、信誉推荐值、时间戳、历史交互记录等概念,通过创建动态信誉树对信誉关系进行建模,使信任预测模型更好地适应分布式计算环境.模拟实验结果表明,与Jφsang及Beth模型相比,该模型的信任预测准确度和平均相对误差分别提高了27％和47％.