Distributed event‐triggered containment control for dynamical multiagent networks

This paper studies the event‐triggered containment control problem for dynamical multiagent networks of general MIMO linear agents. An event‐triggered containment control strategy is provided, which consists of a control law based on a relative‐state feedback and a distributed triggering rule based on both the relative‐state information and a time‐dependent threshold function. Compared to the previous related works, our main contribution is that the triggering rule depends only on local information of communication networks. It is proved that under the proposed event‐based controller, the containment errors are uniformly ultimately bounded and the Zeno behavior can be excluded. Moreover, when the derivation constant in the threshold function is equal to zero, the containment control problem can be solved. Then, the results are extended to the event‐triggered observer‐based containment controller design.     

不同波长初始电子密度扰动对扩展F触发效应对比研究

基于适合描述中低纬电离层扩展F发展的控制方程组, 首次对比分析了不同波长初始电子密度扰动对电离层Spread-F的触发影响, 讨论了电离层泡状结构和块状结构不规则体对不同电子密度扰动波长的响应效果.结果发现:无论是以泡状结构为主体还是以块状结构为主体的不规则体, 短波长扰动相对于长波长扰动更有利于Spread-F的激发; 当初始电子密度减弱扰动存在于一侧, 而增强扰动存在于另一侧时, 与只存在一种情况相比, 泡状结构和块状结构同时出现, 能够增进彼此的扰动幅度, 并且泡状结构不规则体的抬升速度大于块状结构; 相同电离层背景下, 初始扰动所引起的泡状不规则体和块状不规则体不一定都能得到抬升和发展, 两者发展趋势并不一致.     

Buckling Correction for Experimental Power Distribution within Fuel Assemblies in a Finite System

For design calculations to determine the local power distribution in a fuel assembly of a power reactor, the neutron flux is usually assumed to be symmetrical at the outer boundary of the assembly. In actuality, experimental data on power distributions are obtained in a finite system where this symmetry does not apply, so that the calculated values cannot be directly compared with observed data. In a zero power critical experiment in particular, the measurement must be performed in a fairly small core assembly so economize the amount of fuel materials to be used for simulation. This introduces the necessity of special considerations in the comparison between design and observed data.

The authors propose a method incorporating direct corrections to the experimentally determined. power distributions based on the geometrical buckling of the system. In this method the experimental power P ⁰ (r) is divided by the neutron flux Q (r) which is determined in the critical state with geometrical buckling in a bare (one neutron energy group) reactor, neglecting the reflector region of the experimental system. A sample application of the method to an actual light water lattice has confirmed the validity of the method.     

Unit Sphere Concept for Macroscopic Triggering of Large-scale Vapor Explosions

The unit sphere concept was developed to predict the triggering stage of vapor explosions for coarse mixtures composed of hot liquid droplets, cold liquid and its vapor. With an assumption that hot liquid droplets are arranged with a uniform spatial interval to construct a hexagonal cell structure, a unit sphere with thirteen droplets is formed in the coarse mixture. A droplet and adjacent twelve droplets were placed at the center and on the surface of the unit sphere, respectively. Two indices for triggering were introduced in the unit sphere concept. The first index is the ratio of mechanical energy generated at the center droplet to one required for the mechanical collapse of vapor film on an adjacent droplet. Another shows the probability that the mechanical energy at the center droplet impacts onto the minimum number of molten adjacent droplets. The present concept predicted that the triggering could occur at smaller water subcooling for a coarse mixture with alumina droplets and water than corium droplet case, and that vapor explosions were suppressed when the ambient pressure was elevated up to approximately 0.5 MPa in both cases. The evaluation of KROTOS experiments indicated that the latter triggering index was smaller for corium droplets than alumina case due to the increase in the fraction of solidified droplets in the coarse mixture, implying less triggerability for corium droplets. Those findings showed a consistency with the results of vapor explosion experiments using corium and alumina. It was qualitatively confirmed in the experiments where a molten tin jet penetrated into a water pool that the latter index is applicable to the evaluation of the triggerability.     

场击穿式TVS时延特性的测量与分析

触发真空开关(TVS)是脉冲功率技术中的重要控制元件,为满足对TVS时延及可靠性等提出的更高要求,研究了场击穿式TVS时延特性。时延分为触发时延和导通时延两部分,时延及其分散性主要受主间隙电压、触发能量和主电极极性配置等因素的影响。实验研究表明,极性配置对TVS时延特性有很大的影响,主间隙电压为正,TVS可靠性高且存在一个稳定工作区域,在这个稳定工作区内,主间隙电压对其触发时延影响不大,且触发能量增大能改善TVS时延特性。     

过零触发电路在热保护器自动测试系统中的应用

本文研究了热保护器自动测试系统中固态继电器(SSR)的触发电路,给出了热保护器温度控制电路的设计思路,并对电路中的过零触发电路和驱动电路进行了设计和使用。实践结果表明:该电路不但减少对电力系统的危害,电路简单,性能安全可靠,误差极小,而且还可作为各类可控硅、SSR的控制电路或需过零触发的场合。     

含时延的车辆队列事件触发一致性控制研究

为应对通信过程中的传输时延以及车辆间连续信息交互带来的信息冗余、资源浪费,提出一种基于事件触发机制的车辆队列一致性策略,以保证车辆队列能够稳定运行;为此,构建一个考虑车辆间的跟驰行为和通信时延的三阶异质车辆队列动力学模型,提出一种基于事件触发的一致性车辆队列控制器的设计方法;在此基础上,利用Lyapunov稳定性理论和代数图论,对车辆队列的稳定性进行分析,得出了使车辆队列稳定的事件触发条件和通信时延的上界;在MATLAB平台上进行仿真实验,验证了所提车辆队列控制方法的有效性。     

Quasi‐time‐dependent asynchronous filtering for discrete time switched systems via the event triggering mechanism

This article is concerned with the quasi‐time‐dependent asynchronous filter design problem for a class of discrete‐time switched systems via the event‐triggering mechanism. Applying the quasi‐time‐dependent Lyapunov functions and the mode‐dependent average dwell time technique, an asynchronous filter is designed with a weighted performance index; the filter parameter matrices are quasi‐time‐dependent in each event‐triggering‐dependent sampling interval; both cases (Case 1: no more than one switching, Case 2: multiple switchings) are taken into account in this sampling interval, by which the assumption, that the maximal asynchronous period is not larger than the minimal dwell time, is relaxed in this article. Simulation examples are given to show the less conservatism and effectiveness of the proposed results.     

Fluorescence-Based Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and Flow Cytometry for Characterization of Endothelial Extracellular Vesicle Release

As extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a prominent topic in life sciences, a growing number of studies are published on a regular basis addressing their biological relevance and possible applications. Nevertheless, the fundamental question of the true vesicular nature as well as possible influences on the EV secretion behavior have often been not adequately addressed. Furthermore, research regarding endothelial cell-derived EVs (EndoEVs) often focused on the large vesicular fractions comprising of microvesicles (MV) and apoptotic bodies. In this study we aimed to further extend the current knowledge of the influence of pre-isolation conditions, such as cell density and conditioning time, on EndoEV release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We combined fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and the established fluorescence-triggered flow cytometry (FT-FC) protocol to allow vesicle-specific detection and characterization of size and surface markers. We found significant effects of cell density and conditioning time on both abundance and size distribution of EndoEVs. Additionally, we present detailed information regarding the surface marker display on EVs from different fractions and size ranges. Our data provide crucial relevance for future projects aiming to elucidate EV secretion behavior of endothelial cells. Moreover, we show that the influence of different conditioning parameters on the nature of EndoEVs has to be considered.