Mesoscale modeling of coastal low‐level jets: implications for offshore wind resource estimation

Detailed and reliable spatiotemporal characterizations of turbine hub height wind fields over coastal and offshore regions are becoming imperative for the global wind energy industry. Contemporary wind resource assessment frameworks incorporate diverse multiscale prognostic models (commonly known as mesoscale models) to dynamically downscale global‐scale atmospheric fields to regional‐scale (i.e., spatial and temporal resolutions of a few kilometers and a few minutes, respectively). These high‐resolution model solutions aim at depicting the expected wind behavior (e.g., wind shear, wind veering and topographically induced flow accelerations) at a particular location. Coastal and offshore regions considered viable for wind power production are also known to possess complex atmospheric flow phenomena (including, but not limited to, coastal low‐level jets (LLJs), internal boundary layers and land breeze–sea breeze circulations). Unfortunately, the capabilities of the new‐generation mesoscale models in realistically capturing these diverse flow phenomena are not well documented in the literature. To partially fill this knowledge gap, in this paper, we have evaluated the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model, a state‐of‐the‐art mesoscale model, in simulating a series of coastal LLJs. Using observational data sources we explore the importance of coastal LLJs for offshore wind resource estimation along with the capacity to which they can be numerically simulated. We observe model solutions to demonstrate strong sensitivities with respect to planetary boundary layer parameterization and initialization conditions. These sensitivities are found to be responsible for variability in AEP estimates by a factor of two. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蝌蚪模型并列游动的数值研究

该文通过数值求解雷诺平均N-S方程,对高雷诺数下蝌蚪模型同相位和反相位并排游动进行了数值研究,揭示了并列蝌蚪群游的流动机制。研究表明,非流线型的蝌蚪并列群游与流线型的鱼体不同。蝌蚪同相位并列游动时,总推力比单独游动时低,尽管能量消耗有所增加但推进效率更高;蝌蚪反相位并列游动时,总推力比单独游动时低,但比同相位并列游动时高,间距很近时消耗的能量会显著增加,而推进效率依然提高。蝌蚪的钝体头部产生的涡在群游时有利于增加推力。     

Improved k-ε model and wall function formulation for the RANS simulation of ABL flows

The simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) flows is usually performed using the commercial CFD codes with RANS turbulence modelling and standard sand-grain rough wall functions. Such approach generally results in the undesired decay of the velocity and turbulent profiles specified at the domain inlet, before they reach the section of interest within the computational domain. This behaviour is a direct consequence of the inconsistency between the fully developed ABL inlet profiles and the wall function formulation.The present paper addresses the aforementioned issue and proposes a solution to it. A modified formulation of the Richards and Hoxey wall function for turbulence production is presented to avoid the well-documented over-prediction of the turbulent kinetic energy at the wall. Moreover, a modification of the standard k-ε turbulence model is proposed to allow specific arbitrary sets of fully developed profiles at the inlet section of the computational domain.The methodology is implemented and tested in the commercial code FLUENT v6.3 by means of the User Defined Functions (UDF). Results are presented for two neutral boundary layers over flat terrain, at wind tunnel and full scale, and for the flow around a bluff-body immersed into a wind-tunnel ABL. The potential of the proposed methodology in ensuring the homogeneity of velocity and turbulence quantities throughout the computational domain is demonstrated.     

On the effect of turbulent intensity towards the accuracy of the zero-equation turbulence model for indoor airflow application

The zero-equation turbulence model for indoor airflow applications proposed by Chen and Xu [4] has obtained immense popularity amongst the CFD practitioners in HVAC industry. A uniform turbulent intensity of 10% has been assumed in their model. In this paper, following the analogy of Chen and Xu [4] in deriving the coefficient of their zero-equation turbulence model (0.03874) which is indeed expressed as a function of turbulent intensity, the effect of turbulent intensity value assumed in the model towards the solution accuracy is investigated in this paper. Three indoor airflow cases, i.e. forced convection, natural convection and mixed convection problems are studied. It has been discovered that as the assumed uniform turbulent intensity T_i is reduced, the solution accuracy is significantly improved and the prediction comes closer to those of the two-equation standard k-? model, LES model as well as the experimental data.     

近地边界层台风观测及湍流特征参数分析

通过近海岸测风塔获取了台风达维(0518)、珍珠(0601)、派比安(0606)登陆过程中10m高度三维脉动风速数据,对近地10m高度平均风特性和湍流特性进行了分析和研究。基于台风观测结果,分析了不同来流方向和地貌状况下,风剖面指数值、摩擦速度、湍流度和阵风因子等湍流参数及其相关性。分析结果表明: 摩擦速度与平均风速呈正相关,摩擦速度随平均风速增大而增大;风剖面指数值随平均风速增大而减小;各方向湍流度随平均风速增大而减小;阵风因子与湍流度呈线性关系。通过拟合实测湍流参数相关性,提出了10m标准高度台风湍流度、阵风因子的计算式,可为台风多发区域低矮房屋的抗风设计提供参考.     

基于TPC的大气无线光通信差错性能分析

为克服大气湍流引起的随机和深度衰落影响,将Turbo乘积码(TPC)引入无线光通信系统中.在构建大气无线光系统模型基础上,分析了TPC的抗突发错误能力,推导了弱湍流和高斯级联信道下接收信号的置信度度量计算方法,并对TPC编码前后大气无线光通信系统差错性能及不同参数的影响进行分析.结果表明,TPC可以有效补偿大气信道中的...     

环形光束大气传输数值模拟与分析

为了研究大气湍流对环形光束激光工程应用的影响,采用多相位屏数值模拟的方法对环形光束在大气湍流中的传输进行了仿真模拟。通过改变大气湍流强度、传输距离等参数,定量计算了不同传输条件下质心漂移均方根、远场目标的焦平面平均功率密度,给出环形光束传输路径上特征距离解析式并分析了大气湍流对环形光束远场平均光强分布的影响。结果表明,环形光束在大气湍流中传输时光斑质心漂移随湍流效应（湍流强度或传播距离）增强而增大,远场光束质量随遮拦比增大而降低。遮拦比小于0.5时,大气湍流对光束质量的影响较为明显。环形光束大气传输数值模拟方法,可为高能激光武器等激光工程应用的理论分析和效能评估提供依据。     

基于随机并行梯度下降算法的湍流像差校正仿真

随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法可不依赖波前探测直接优化系统性能指标来校正畸变波前.建立了基于随机并行梯度下降算法控制的61单元湍流校正仿真模型,实现了通过该算法控制倾斜镜和变形镜对湍流引起的像差的校正.结果发现,该算法能够找到补偿湍流像差所需的倾斜镜和变形镜的最优面形.采用SPGD算法控制,倾斜镜校正后,远场光斑质心...     

无动量亏损尾迹三维数值模拟

利用计算流体力学软件,对粘性不可压缩流体的平板翼型绕流进行了三维数值模拟,采用有限体积法计算程式,求解不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,模拟平板翼型在尾缘有无吹气时的流动情况,得到了平板翼型尾迹的传播特性。并使用四种常用湍流模型在相同的网格条件下进行数值模拟,模拟结果与相应的试验数据对比,分析各种湍流模型对带尾缘吹气的三维模型数值模拟结果的影响,得出了不同湍流模型对带尾缘吹气的模型的适用性以及精度的评估性结论。数值模拟的结果表明SST湍流模拟对模拟尾迹区流动具有很好的适应性,预测得到的轴向速度分布、尾迹特征长度变化以及流动相似性和试验结果进行了对比,和试验结果吻合较好。