考虑不连续屈服的钛合金高温变形本构模型

以发生不连续屈服的钛合金高温变形流动曲线特性为基础,讨论各阶段的变形机制。利用位错增殖动态理论和统一粘塑性理论,构建反映变形温度和应变速率影响且能描述不连续屈服、下屈服点后存在轻微应变硬化、动态再结晶等变形特性的高温粘塑性本构模型。将所建模型应用于新型亚稳β钛合金Ti2448发生明显不连续屈服的高温变形,并用改进的遗传算法确定模型中的相关材料参数。预测值与实验值误差在5%以内,表明这种基于内变量构建的本构模型不仅物理意义清晰,能够有效描述发生不连续屈服的钛合金高温变形,而且具有较强的外推能力,能为其它钛合金的本构模型构建提供参考。     

Numerical computation in the viscoelastoplastic continuum damage of hot mix asphalt concrete

The objective of this paper is to develop an accurate and advanced material characterization of hot mix asphalt concrete using an existing viscoelastoplastic constitutive model that accounts for rate of loading, temperature and stress state with growing damage. The modelling strategy of viscoelastoplastic continuum damage is based on modelling strain components separately and then combining the resulting models to obtain a final integrated viscoelastoplastic model. According to this model, the initial-boundary value problem is numerically solved using the constitutive relationship expressed in the convolution integral form. The model is successful in predicting responses up to localization when microcracks start to coalesce.     

岩体高边坡流变学性状有限元分析

提出了一个描述开挖后岩体高边坡时效特性的流变学模型,该模型在有限元程序中执行。研究了三峡工程中船闸高边坡的流变学性状,将数值结果与弹塑性分析的瞬态响应资料进行了比较。     

Viscoplastic flows in ducts

Axial flows in generalized ducts are analyzed for viscoplastic materials behaving as Bingham plastics with a yield stress. A constitutive equation proposed by Papanastasiou is used, which applies everywhere in the flow field in both yielded and practically unyielded regions. Numerical simulations are presented in several two-dimensional cross-sectional geometries, such as square and rectangular ducts (straight and concave), and eccentric annular conduits, for different flow rate and pressure drop ranges. The extent and shape of yielded/unyielded regions are shown as the dimensionless yield stress or Bingham number increases. Master curves are given for the dimensionless flow rate vs dimensionless pressure drop or vs Bingham number for quick engineering calculations useful in practical applications of materials processing.     

Classical plasticity and viscoplasticity models reformulated: theoretical basis and numerical implementation

The well-known phenomenological model of small strain rate-independent plasticity is reformulated in this paper. The main difference from the classical expositions concerns the absence of the plastic strain from the list of state variables. We show that with the proposed choice of state variables, including the total and the elastic strains and strain-like variables which control hardening, we recover all the ingredients of the classical model from a minimum number of hypotheses: instantaneous elastic response and the principle of maximum plastic dissipation. We also show that using a regularized, penalty-like form of the principle of maximum plastic dissipation, we can recover the classical viscoplasticity model. As opposed to the previous schemes used for the finite element implementation of this model (e.g. B-bar method), we propose an approach in which the basic set of equations need not be modified. The operator split method is used to simplify the details of the numerical implementation concerning both the computation of state variables and the incompatible mode based finite element approximations. The latter proves to be indispensable for accommodating the near-incompressible deformation patterns arising in the classical plasticity. An extensive set of numerical simulations is used to illustrate the proposed formulation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Viscoplasticity for instabilities due to strain softening and strain-rate softening

Three viscoplastic approaches are examined in this paper. First, the overstress viscoplastic models (i.e. the Perzyna model and the Duvaut–Lions model) are outlined. Next, a consistency viscoplastic approach is presented. In the consistency model a rate-dependent yield surface is employed while the standard Kuhn–Tucker conditions for loading and unloading remain valid. For this reason, the yield surface can expand and shrink not only by softening or hardening effects, but also by softening/hardening rate effects. A full algorithmic treatment is presented for each of the three models including the derivation of a consistent tangential stiffness matrix. Based on a limited numerical experience it seems that the consistency model shows a faster global convergence than the overstress approaches. For softening problems all three approaches have a regularising effect in the sense that the initial-value problem remains well-posed. The width of the shear band is determined by the material parameters and, if present, by the size of an imperfection. A relation between the length scales of the three models is given. Furthermore, it is shown that the consistency model can properly simulate the so-called S-type instabilities, which are associated with the occurrence of travelling Portevin-Le Chatelier bands. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A plastic shakedown constitutive curve based on uniaxial ratcheting behavior of 304 stainless steel at room temperature

On the basis of the Bauschinger effect, a relationship between the elastic space defined in this study and the accumulated plastic strain is measured in uniaxial ratcheting tests of 304 stainless steel at room temperature. According to this relationship, a new model of uniaxial ratcheting is established and used to simulate uniaxial ratcheting behavior. The results of simulation agree well with the experimental results. These results demonstrate that the relationship between the elastic space and the accumulated plastic strain plays an important role in uniaxial ratcheting simulation. Furthermore, by taking into account the interaction of ratcheting and viscoplasticity, the relationships among elastic space, accumulated plastic strain and loading cases are discussed. It can be seen that, when the stress ratio R of valley stress versus peak stress is not less than zero, the accumulated plastic strain is a function of the peak stress. So, a constitutive curve is obtained to describe the stable states of plastic shakedown for 304 stainless steel material under the stress ratio R ≥ 0. It can be used to determine the accumulated plastic strain of engineering structures under cyclic loading only by an elastic–plastic analysis.     

延性材料动态破碎机理及初始损伤效应

运用Ｐｅｒｚｙｎａ的粘塑性过应力本构模型，分析了延性材料动态破碎的细观机理，给出了破碎尺寸与材料孔隙度的关系。此外。研究了初始损伤度对材料动态碎的是影响。结果表明，在初始损伤较小时，破碎尺寸随机隙度增加而减小；而当初始损伤较大时，破碎尺寸随孔隙度增加而增大。这反映出材料的破碎是一个时间盯关过程或累积过程。     

Bammann-Chiesa-Johnson粘塑性本构模型的参数识别方法与验证

Bammann-Chiesa-Johnson(BCJ)粘塑性本构模型对材料力学响应的再现和预测能力强烈依赖于其模型参数的确定,而模型参数的确定往往是通过反分析方法来进行。由于BCJ粘塑性模型包含了应变、应变率和温度耦合效应以及加载路径和温度历史,其常数多达18个,所以寻找最佳的模型参数识别值十分繁琐。针对BCJ本构模型参数复杂、识别困难的问题,本文基于参数的物理意义,在准静态、蠕变及动态加载试验基础上,通过模型参数解耦分离、粒子群智能优化的方法分6步对18个材料常数进行识别,并用识别结果对1060纯铝动态加载试验力学响应进行模拟,模拟结果与试验结果符合良好。通过定量化误差分析,证明了BCJ粘塑性模型对实验数据的预测具有较高精度,该模型参数识别方法科学可行。