Permeation of Naproxen from Saturated Solutions and Commercial Formulations Through Synthetic Membranes

Abstract

The release of naproxen through synthetic membranes, mounted in modified Franz-type diffusion cells, was evaluated, either from saturated solutions or from commercially available topical formulations containing 10% naproxen. The results obtained showed that the porous type synthetic membranes chosen (cellulose acetate and polyethersulphone) can be used for assessing product performance in quality control procedures. The formulations interacted with the solid membranes (silicone and EVA) to change their diffusional characteristics. However, transfer in the membrane, and not the formulation was rate controlling. These membranes could not therefore be used in assessing product release performance for quality control.     

Piroxicam Encapsulated in Liposomes: Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation of Topical Anti-inflammatory Effect

Liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and stearylamine (molar ratio 6/3/1) and 0.1% α-tocopherol were prepared by the extrusion of multilamellar vesicles through 0.2-μm polycarbonate membrane. Liposomes were characterized by electron transmission microscopy, and the mean structure diameter was 278 nm. The encapsulation efficiency obtained was 12.73%. The topical anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in vivo by the cotton pellet granuloma method. We analyzed free piroxicam at 4 mg/kg, piroxicam encapsulated in liposomes added to 1.5% hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel at 1.6 mg/kg, and piroxicam encapsulated in liposomes added to HEC gel at 4 mg/kg; the inhibition of inflammation obtained was 21.1%, 32.8%, and 47.4%, respectively. These results showed that the encapsulation of piroxicam produced an increase of topical anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that the inhibition of inflammation can be obtained with lower drug concentrations.     

In-situ TEM observation of structural changes in nano-crystalline CoCrCuFeNi multicomponent high-entropy alloy (HEA) under fast electron irradiation by high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM)

The structural changes induced in a CoCrCuFeNi multicomponent nano-crystalline high-entropy alloy (HEA) under fast electron irradiation were investigated by in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a high voltage electron microscope (HVEM). A fine-grained face centered cubic (fcc) single phase was obtained in the sputtered specimens. The fcc solid solution showed high phase stability against irradiation over a wide temperature range from 298 to 773 K, and remained as the main constituent phase even when the samples were irradiated up to 40 displacement per atom (dpa). Moreover, the irradiation did not seem to induce grain coarsening. This is the first report on the irradiation damage in 5-component HEA under MeV electron irradiation.     

Stability and cytotoxicity study of NiFe2O4 nanocomposites synthesized by co-precipitation and subsequent thermal annealing

In this article, NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by co-precipitation method with subsequent thermal annealing leading to obtainment NPs with average sizes of 78 nm. Structure and magnetic analysis were performed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques. Stability of NiFe₂O₄ NPs was evaluated in PBS solution during 20 days. The toxicity of prepared NPs was evaluated in vitro using different cancer cell lines: HeLa (cervical cancer cell), PC-3 (prostate cancer cell). Fibroblasts like cells of L929 obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of mouse were used as normal cells. Results indicate successful synthesis of NiFe₂O₄ NPs that exhibit low cytotoxicity in concentration range from 1 to 100 μg/ml. Presented physical and biological results indicate the possibility of application investigated magnetic nanoparticles in hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging or cell separation.     

Effect of lysine incorporation,annealing and heat moisture treatment alone and in combination on the physico-chemical,retrogradation, rheological properties and in vitro digestibility of kithul (Caryota urens L.) starch

Physico-chemical, retrogradation, rheological properties and in vitro digestibility of lysine incorporated kithul starch modified by annealing, heat moisture treatment and its combinations were studied. LS-AHMT (annealed-heat moisture treated lysine incorporated kithul starch) exhibited lowest amylose leaching. LS-AHMT showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher relative crystallinity. LS-ANS (annealed lysine incorporated kithul starch), LS-HMT (heat moisture treated lysine incorporated kithul starch) and LS-AHMT formed more weak gel by the effect of annealing, heat moisture treatment and its combination. LS-AHMT showed lowest pasting viscosities, G′ and G″ values among the modified kithul starch, which indicates its lower retrogradation properties. In vitro digestibility of kithul starch decreased after modifications and LS-ANS, LS-HMT and LS-AHMT showed significantly higher resistant starch content. The current study showed that annealing, heat moisture treatment and its combination on NS-LS (lysine incorporated kithul starch) effectively modified kithul starch properties.     

Enhanced mechanical properties of porous titanium implants via in-situ synthesized titanium carbide in lamellar pore walls

Directional lamellar porous titanium scaffolds are widely used as bone implant bearing materials because of their anisotropic pore structure. Their mechanical properties can be effectively improved by enhancing the strength of pore walls through the introduction of ceramics. In this work, porous titanium implants were prepared by freeze casting combined with TiH₂ decomposition. The graphene was introduced into the pore walls of porous titanium, which could transform into titanium carbide (TiC) in situ upon sintering. TiC was evenly distributed in the lamellar pore walls, and the interface was well bonded. The compression strength of the fabricated implants was up to 389.94 MPa when the graphene content was 3 wt%, which was 377.8% times as high as the porous titanium. The crack propagation was resisted by TiC because of the “pinning” effect on the pore wall. Some of TiC were pulled out from the matrix, and others were fractured. The strength of the fabricated implants was improved significantly by the large consumption of fracture energy. Also, fabricated porous titanium implants with TiC are suitable for bone implantation.     

Effect of the microstructure of graphitic boron nitride on the kinetics of the formation of boron nitride high-pressure phases

Three types of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with graphitic crystal structure having different microstructures were subjected to high pressures (HP) and high temperatures (HT), and the kinetics of the phase transitions to the sp³-hybridized phases (w-BN, c-BN) was studied using in situ synchrotron diffraction. The analysis of the phase transformation kinetics revealed the transformation paths and activation energies E_a of the transformation of h-BN to the high-pressure forms of BN for different microstructures of h-BN. Defect-poor h-BN transforms to metastable wurtzitic BN (w-BN) with E_a ≈ 0.3 eV/at. Defect-rich forms of h-BN transform directly to c-BN, but with a higher activation energy. It was observed that the turbostratic disorder in h-BN retards the phase transition as compared to h-BN containing corrugated basal planes and a low degree of turbostracity. The experimental results are discussed in view of the microstructure changes during the HP/HT treatment and compared to available theoretical phase transition models.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ MC-carbide particulates-reinforced refractory high-entropy Mo0.5NbHf0.5ZrTi matrix alloy composite

Refractory high-entropy Mo_0.5NbHf_0.5ZrTi alloy matrix composite with MC-carbide particulates-reinforced was prepared by arc melting. It is found that Mo_0.5NbHf_0.5ZrTiC_0.1 and Mo_0.5NbHf_0.5ZrTiC_0.3 alloys consist of one disordered body-centered cubic (BCC) solid solution phase as the matrix phase and MC carbide phase. MC carbide is enriched with Zr and Hf due to the higher binding strength and without any Mo. Noticeable strengthening from the carbide is not observed for C_0.1 and C_0.3 alloys while the compressive plasticity is improved slightly due to the decrease of solution strengthening for the matrix BCC disordered solid solution phase.     

两步法制备新型钛镍合金TiNi45V8In0.2的组织与性能研究

采用两步法成功制备了新型钛镍合金Ti Ni45V8In0.2,并进行XRD、SEM以及力学性能、抗应力松弛性能和耐腐蚀性能的测试与分析。结果表明:该新型合金由网状Ti Ni母相和弥散分布的V3Ni相组成,具有较佳的力学性能、抗应力松弛性能和耐腐蚀性能。与常规Ti Ni合金相比,新型合金的-40、25℃和150℃抗拉强度分别增加47.1%、39.4%、123.9%;-40、25℃和150℃屈服强度分别增加110.3%、92.5%、263.8%;腐蚀电位正移267 m V;50 h后的应力松弛从16%减小至0.5%。     

Integrated Set Parts Supply system in a mixed-model assembly line

The mixed-model assembly line (MMAL) is a type of assembly line in which a variety of product models are assembled on the same line. The use of highly variant parts on the assembly line need to be considered carefully to enable satisfactory material flow control and allow for smooth production. To increase the quality of parts supply and parts assembly in MMAL, Toyota has introduced an innovation system known as Set Parts Supply (SPS). In this paper, we investigate the parts supply issues in SPS implementation using a case study in the automotive industry. The linkage of parts supply strategies with Manufacturing Execution System (MES) is introduced to improve the SPS implementation which are (i) synchronized parts supply, (ii) e-kanban system and (iii) Synchronized Supply Sheet. From the research findings, the integration with MES has contributed to the Just In Time in parts supply at the supermarket area and assembly line.