大口径长距离泥水平衡顶管穿越民房的地面沉降控制

大口径泥水平衡顶管掘进机已成为城市市政地下工程首选的施工方法,但由于大口径泥水平衡顶管直径比较大,容易引起地面沉降,因此必须找出大口径泥水平衡顶管推进过程中地面沉降规律,根据规律来进行针对性的控制。结合工程实例,通过收集穿越民房段监测数据来分析土体纵向变形规律,为今后类似大口径泥水平衡顶管穿越建（构）筑物施工作参考。     

Experimental and Analytical studies of reinforced crushed limestone

This research study aims at investigating the behavior of spread footings on reinforced crushed limestone using laboratory model tests. The model tests were conducted inside a steel box with dimensions of 1.5 m (length) × 0.91 m (width) × 0.91 m (height) using a steel plate with dimensions of 152 mm × 152 mm (6 in. × 6 in.). The parameters investigated include the number of reinforcement layers and the tensile modulus and type of reinforcement. An analytical solution is also developed to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of reinforced crushed limestone. The test results show that the inclusion of reinforcement can appreciably improve the bearing capacity of crushed limestone up to a factor of 2.85 at a settlement ratio of 10% and reduce the footing settlement down to 75% at a surface pressure of 5500 kPa. The results also demonstrate that reinforcements with higher tensile modulus performed better than reinforcements with lower tensile modulus and that steel reinforcement performed better than geogrid reinforcement. The proposed analytical solution gave a good predication of experimental results of geogrid reinforced sections, while Huang and Menq's solution (1997) gave a good predication for steel reinforced crushed limestone. The analytical results also showed that the reinforced ratio (R_r) should be high enough to form the “deep footing” effect.     

一种评价水泥浆沉降稳定性的新方法——微压力波动测试水泥浆滤失—沉降耦合作用

目前的水泥浆沉降稳定性测试方法缺乏对沉降过程的描述。为了提高水泥浆沉降稳定性测试的准确性与科学性,设计了一种微压力波动测试仪,对滤失—沉降耦合作用的水泥浆柱分段压力波动进行测试,据此评价浆体的上、下密度差,并对不同黏度、温度、降失水剂、固相颗粒和触变性的水泥浆稳定性进行了分析。研究结果表明:①水泥浆沉降过程可分为高速期、低速期、稳定期和失重期,高速期滤失可减小浆体的上、下密度差;②滤失量越大、黏度越低、同类材料水固比越大,密度差越大、沉降稳定性越差;③温度对沉降稳定性的影响因降失水剂的协同作用而呈现出无规律性,高分子聚合物类降失水剂效果强于成膜类;④提高水泥浆触变性可改善浆体的沉降分层现象,胶凝强度的形成时间越短,效果越好。结论认为,较之于常规方法,该评价水泥浆沉降稳定性的新方法,可以对沉降全过程进行描述,并考虑了滤失对沉降的影响,更加贴合于井下的实际情况。     

A new experimental simulation method for the development of non-renewable hydrogen energy—Oil and gas resources

At present, the proportion of tight oil in non-renewable hydrogen energy is increasing. According to an initial exploration and attemptable practice on the exploration of tight oil, it is found that the cost can be controlled effectively and positive effects are achieved. But this technique cannot make sure the proppants filled uniformly in the long fracture. Several researches on the proppants migration experiment devices and factors influencing on proppant setting are reviewed and a new set of experimental device to simulate the laws of proppants setting in long fracture is developed. This device can simulate the main factors influencing proppants setting performance. It analyzes several factors such as wall filtration, construction displacement, sand concentration, proppant size and density, viscosity of fracturing fluid is used to rank the influencing degree of every factor. Considering the effects of mutual interference between proppants, width of fracture, rough fracture surface and fracture surface filtration during the proppants setting progress, the mathematical model of proppant setting is modified by adding sand concentration correction factor, wall effect correction factor and filtration correction factor. The experimental data verify the accuracy of the settlement model is established using the data getting from experiment.     

Geosynthetic-sheet pile reinforced foundation for mitigation of earthquake and tsunami induced damage of breakwater

Earthquake and tsunami impose great threats on the stability of a breakwater. Foundation of the breakwater is weakened by these forces, and it may result in collapse of the breakwater. Lateral flow of seabed soils take place beneath the breakwater, and excess pore water pressure is generated in the foundation by an earthquake that precedes tsunami. These factors may lead to excessive settlement and horizontal displacement of the breakwater. Tsunami introduces additional instability to the deformed breakwater. Due to water level difference between seaside and harborside of the breakwater during a tsunami, seepage occurs through its foundation, and it may cause pipping of seabed soils. Tsunami induced scouring of mound is also a big problem for the stability of the breakwater foundation. Finally, these result in failure of the breakwater foundation. Due to failure of its foundation, the breakwater may collapse and cannot block the tsunami. It results in entering of the tsunami in coastal areas. In order to make a breakwater resilient against earthquake and tsunami induced damage, reinforcing countermeasures were developed for foundation of a breakwater. Geogrid, gabions and sheet piles were used for reinforcing a foundation model. The effectiveness of the model is evaluated through physical modeling for mitigating the earthquake and tsunami induced damage. Shaking table tests were performed to determine the effectiveness of the reinforced model under different earthquake loadings. Tsunami overflow test was conducted on the same deformed model in order to see the effects of tsunami on the model. Comparisons were made between the unreinforced and reinforced foundations, and it was observed during the tests that the reinforced foundation performed well in reducing the damage of the breakwater brought by the earthquake and tsunami. Overall, this study is useful for practice engineering, and the reinforced foundation model can be adopted for designing a breakwater foundation to reduce damage triggered by an earthquake and tsunami in the future.     

Predicting the settlement of geosynthetic-reinforced soil foundations using evolutionary artificial intelligence technique

In order to ensure safe and sustainable design of geosynthetic-reinforced soil foundation (GRSF), settlement prediction is a challenging task for practising civil/geotechnical engineers. In this paper, a new hybrid technique for predicting the settlement of GRSF has been proposed based on the combination of evolutionary algorithm, that is, grey-wolf optimisation (GWO) and artificial neural network (ANN), abbreviated as ANN-GWO model. For this purpose, the reliable pertinent data were generated through numerical simulations conducted on validated large-scale 3-D finite element model. The predictive power of the model was assessed using various well-established statistical indices, and also validated against several independent scientific studies as reported in literature. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness and reliability of the model. The results as obtained have indicated that the developed hybrid ANN-GWO model can estimate the maximum settlement of GRSF under service loads in a reliable and intelligent way, and thus, can be deployed as a predictive tool for the preliminary design of GRSF. Finally, the model was translated into functional relationship which can be executed without the need of any expensive computer-based program.     

土工格室结构层挠度计算方法研究

运用四种沉降计算方法,对不同类型、不同试验条件的土工格室加筋复合结构体进行了沉降计算。通过对比计算得出的P-S曲线与试验实测值,分析了造成误差的原因。最后通过计算结果对试验结果差值的标准差分析,得出关于在设计中选用沉降计算方法的一般性结论。     

水、火与徽州聚落

徽州古村落,诞生在特定的自然、历史、人文背景下,有着强烈的个性和规律,吸引着各界学者从不同角度研究它的形态、生成以及影响因素.本文通过分析徽州建筑与水、火的密切关系,寻出徽州建筑和聚落发展形成的某些规律.水,是徽州聚落选址的重要依据,火,促成了传统的徽州马头墙式建筑的形成.可以说水,改变了徽州村落的结构.火,改变了徽州原有的建筑形式.水与火,成就了徽州聚落与建筑的新形态.     

南京市茶南基坑监测及成果分析

通过时南京市茶南基坑支护结构的深层水平位移、沉降、基坑水平位移、支撑轴力监测，得出了基坑周边水平位移及深层土体的水平位移随时间的变化曲线；周边建筑物的沉降随基坑开挖的变化关系；支撑轴力随时问的变化曲线。并时这些变化曲线进行了研究分析。     

高层建筑结构设计实例

通过工程实践 ,详细讨论了高层建筑基础设计及框支梁构造设计 ,阐述了高层建筑地下室底板刚度的增强有利于减小房屋的不均匀沉降以及结构构造设计的重要性。