Metal-like peak stress behavior of yttrium-doped BaCeO3 ceramic

The high-temperature mechanical behavior of polycrystalline 5 at% yttrium-doped barium cerate with submicronic grain size (d = 0.5 µm) has been studied in compression between 1200 and 1300 °C at different initial strain rates. The true stress – strain curves display an initial peak stress followed by a softening stage and then by an extended steady-state stage; the magnitude of the peak stress is strongly dependent on strain rate and temperature. These characteristics are very similar to those found in metals and metallic alloys that exhibit dynamic recrystallization during creep at elevated temperatures. Microstructural observations by scanning and transmission electron microscopy have shown that the grain structure is progressively refined with increasing strain due to the strong interaction between dislocations and pre-existing twin boundaries, originated by the various crystal transformations that occur upon cooling from the sintering temperature. The empirical equations used in metals to describe the relationship between strain rate, peak stress, and peak strain are also valid in the present ceramic material.     

Electron Microscopy of High Tc Superconductors

A review is given of structural defects occurring in different high Tc superconductors. The analysis of these defects, which is performed using electron microscopy and electron diffraction, has led in several cases to the successful synthesis of new superconducting compounds. Some of these defects also affect the superconducting properties either in a negative way (weak links) or in a positive way (flux pinning).

In this review particular attention is paid to the YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 − x} superconductor, where the detailed geometry of twin boundaries, shear planes, and dislocations is discussed together with the structural aspects of different superstructures associated with oxygen deficiency.     

Grain size effects on the tensile properties and deformation mechanisms of a magnesium alloy, AZ31B, sheet

The grain size dependence of the tensile properties and the deformation mechanisms responsible for those properties are examined for Mg alloy, AZ31B, sheet. Specifically, the Hall–Petch effect and strain anisotropy (r-value) are characterized experimentally, and interpreted using polycrystal plasticity modeling. {1 0 . 2} extension twins, {1 0 . 1} contraction twins, and so-called “double-twins” are observed via microscopy and diffraction-based techniques, and the amount of twinning is found to increase with increasing grain size. For the sheet texture and tensile loading condition examined, {1 0 . 2} extension twinning is not expected, yet the polycrystal plasticity model predicts the observed behavior, including this ‘anomalous’ tensile twinning. The analysis shows that the Hall–Petch strength dependence, of the polycrystal as a whole, is primarily determined by the grain size dependence of the strength of the prismatic slip systems.     

Off-axis texture in nanostructured Ti1 − xAlxN thin films

Standard θ-2θ and pole figure X-ray diffraction techniques were used to study structural properties and preferred orientation of nanostructured TiAlN thin films prepared using cathodic arc deposition. Systematic collection of reflections from lattice planes {111}, {200}, {220}, and {311} showed that the in-plane orientation of crystallites exhibits cylindrical symmetry with random distribution of crystallites, while the out-of-plane growth presents strong texture which is inclined with respect to the surface normal. This brings the crystallographic orientation of fibre texture towards high indices lattice planes (113) and (115) contrary to traditionally grown films that develop a preferred orientation following to low indices close-packed planes (111) and (200). The origin of inclined growth is discussed taking into account the role of crystallographic defects in particular twin faults that develop in the lattice of growing crystal and change the stacking sequences of atom layers.     

Twinning-like Deformation Behaviour of Ti_3Al

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X-ray Diffractions of Deformation Structure in Polycrystalline Fe-32Mn-5Si Alloy

The change of microstructure with strain was investigated in a Fe-32Mn-5Si austenitic alloy at room temperature by X-ray diffraction profile analysis. The experimental results show that the Fe-32Mn-5Si alloy is deformed by the strain-induced γ→ε transformation and the twinning except dislocation slip at room temperature. The amount of strain-induced ε-martensite, the stacking fault probability and the twinning probability all exhibit parabolic relationship with increasing strain. The stacking fault probability is higher than the twinning probability.     

双签名与基于RSA的GHR签名的安全性研究

以安全的观点，我们认为攻击者对数字签名的攻击是多种多样的，一般可将攻击分为三类：完全获取私钥，万能伪造和实体伪造。本文在分析了RSA密钥体制和存在的问题的基础上，分析了GHR签名方案的算法和安全性，并对一种新的双签名方案的算法作为详细介绍，研究了基于双签名的签名方案的安全性，认为双签名是一种有潜力的数字签名思路和策略。     

Gradient microstructure and enhanced mechanical performance of magnesium alloy by severe impact loading

Subjecting a workpiece to a surface treatment with severe impact loading is a novel severe plastic deformation procedure to fabricate gradient microstructures through the thickness and longitudinal direction.Mechanical performance is a function of twin density and the newly-formed grain size gradients.{1012}tensile twins created from processing without excessive grain refinement lead to strength enhancement with retained ductility.Creation of residual strain by a single impact results in a significant reduction in time and cost of the process.This paper investigates the effect of applying severe impact loading on mechanical and microstructural properties of magnesium for various impact velocities.     

Dynamic recrystallization during high temperature deformation of magnesium

As a consequence of the high critical stresses required for the activation of non-basal slip systems, dynamic recrystallization plays a vital role in the deformation of magnesium, particularly at a deformation temperature of 200 °C, where a transition from brittle to ductile behavior is observed. Uniaxial compression tests were performed on an extruded commercial magnesium alloy AZ31 at different temperatures and strain rates to examine the influence of deformation conditions on the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior and texture evolution. Furthermore, the role of the starting texture in the development of the final DRX grain size was investigated. The recrystallized grain size, measured at large strains (  −1.4) seemed to be more dependent on the deformation conditions than on the starting texture. In contrast to pure magnesium, AZ31 does not undergo grain growth at elevated deformation temperatures, i.e. 400 °C, even at a low strain rate of 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. Certain deformation conditions gave rise to a desired fully recrystallized microstructure with an average grain size of 18 μm and an almost random crystallographic texture. For samples deformed at 200 °C/10⁻² s⁻¹, optical microscopy revealed DRX inside of deformation twins, which was further investigated by EBSD.     

The role of twinning during dynamic recrystallization in alloy 800H

Twinning plays an important role for nucleation and growth of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains in alloy 800 H. The locally varying twin frequency is shown to be quantitatively related to lattice rotations during deformation. Evidence for repeated nucleation of DRX was found.