Responses to major categories of food chemicals by the lizard Podarcis lilfordi

Many lizards are capable of identifying food using only chemical cues from food surfaces, but almost nothing is known about the types of compounds that are effective stimuli. We experimentally studied lingual and biting responses by a lacertid lizard, Podarcis lilfordi, to single representatives of three major categories of food chemicals, sucrose as a carbohydrate, pure pork fat as a mixture of lipids, and bovine gamma globulin as a protein. In 60-sec trials in which stimuli were presented on cotton swabs, the lizards detected all three stimuli, exhibiting more tongue-flicks, licks, or bites, or a greater tongue-flick attack score (TFAS; overall measure of response strength to prey stimuli) than to deionized water. The initial response to all stimuli was tongue-flicking, but the lizards discriminated among the types of chemical stimuli. After preliminary tongue-flicks, the lizards responded to sucrose solutions by licking at high rates, to pure pork fat by biting, and to protein by a combination of additional tongue-flicks and biting. Biting is a feeding response to prey or solid plant material. Licking is a feeding response to sugars in nectar or ripe fruit. Its frequency increased with sucrose concentration. Our data suggest that lizards can identify several types of chemicals associated with food and direct feeding attempts to sources of such chemicals in the absence of visual cues.     

天然气转化制取合成气工艺方法

天然气（ＣＨ４）转化制得ＣＯ＋Ｈ２合成气可以生产氨、甲醇及有机化工产品，需要按照转化原理进行工艺优化，以节省原料消耗，满足合成产品对组分要求．     

分子蒸馏技术的应用现状

介绍了分子蒸馏技术在热敏性有机化合物的提纯，食品和药物的浓缩，资源回收，产品的后处理等方面的应用现状和在我国的发展情况。     

国内近十年来酯类合成香料的研究进展

合成香料特别是酯类合成香料是食品工业、化妆品和制药工业的重要原料。这里介绍了近十年来酯类合成香料在研究开发和工艺改进方面的进展情况,为今后酯类合成香料的发展提供了宝贵的参考价值。     

PP塑料底材处理剂的研制及应用

以氯化聚丙烯为主要原料,制备了一种环保型的聚丙烯塑料底材表面处理剂。讨论了树脂基料、溶剂、乳化剂的选取及配比等因素对涂层附着力的影响,确定了处理剂的最佳配方。经试验测试,聚丙烯塑料表面经处理剂处理后,其涂层的附着力显著提高。     

沸石滤柱对饮用水中邻苯二甲酸酯的去除

通过对沸石滤柱吸附去除饮用水中微量邻苯二甲酸酯(又称为酞酸酯,phthalate esters,PAEs)的研究,探讨其工程应用的可行性.邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)4种PAEs被选作目标物质.控制沸石滤柱的空床接触时间为12～18 min,使DMP、DBP、DOP及DEHP 4种酯类进水浓度皆为20～100μg/L;通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定出水中每种PAE的浓度.研究发现,总PAEs的去除率在24.7%～33.8%之间;随着进水浓度的增加,DMP、DBP的去除率下降,DEHP、DOP去除率上升.     

危险化学品突发泄漏事故应急决策系统研究

针对危险化学品突发泄漏事故需要应急反应,通过建立危险化学品及其特性数据库,利用GIS技术,实现地图数据的动态装载,实现一个面向危险化学品突发泄漏事故的应急决策系统.该系统可以向危险化学品相关行业人员提供相关化学品的理化性质,生产、运输所需的工具、操作方法和步骤,实现数据的双向更新,做到对危险化学品的实时监控,并在发生突发泄漏事故时软件能够及时自动生成紧急处置预案,包括处置方法、手段和标准.在突发泄漏事故发生时为领导决策层提供科学依据,实现快速反应,防止重大事故的发生.     

Movement characteristics of Karst water in a deep mining area

In order to study the movement characteristics of groundwater in a deep mining area and solve the dispute of the distri-bution rule of hydro-chemical zoning which is contradicted by lixiviation water zoning in a horizontal direction, we directed our attention to the source of deep groundwater, its seepage and hydro-chemical characteristics in a typical mining area. We used a neotectonic water-control theory, chemical and isotope methods, as well as a method for analyzing dynamic groundwater conditions. The results indicate that 1) Karst water in the deep and medium parts of this mining area is recharged by vertical leakage through neotectonic fractures rather than seepage along strata from subcrop parts or surrounding flows; 2) from surface to deep leakage paths, the variation in the types of chemical groundwater agrees with the normal lixiviation water distribution rule and the age of mixed groundwater increases; 3) the water-rich zones along neotectonic fractures correspond with water-diluted zones in a hori-zontal direction; 4) the leakage coefficient and water capacity of aquifers increases during the flow process of Kant water along the antidip direction (from west to east) and 5) Karst water in shallow mining areas forms a strong runoff belt along strikes and quickly dilutes the water from deep and medium mining areas. Overall, chemical and dynamic water characteristics actually agree with in terms of the entire consideration for differences in vertical leakage and abnormalities in the zone of water chemical distribution, along a horizontal runoff direction.     

控制饮用水加氯消毒副产物的研究

试验证明高锰酸钾复合药剂与粒状活性炭联用处理技术是一种高效、经济的除污染技术．能够有效地去除水中有机物，尤其是水中的卤代有机物及其前驱物质．这样就充分保证了饮用水的安全性。     

非光气路线合成特种异氰酸酯PPDI前体——对苯二氨基甲酸甲酯

以绿色化学品碳酸二甲酯和对苯二胺为原料,采用非光气路线合成对苯二氨基甲酸甲酯(PPDC)——聚氨酯用特种异氰酸酯对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)的前体。实验考察了催化剂对反应的影响,并以Zn(CH3COO)2作催化剂确定了合适工艺条件。结果表明,Zn(CH3COO)2为催化剂,433.15K反应2h,对苯二胺转化率为99.9%,PPDC的收率可达82.1%。对该反应的机理进行了初步的探讨。