Purple Sweet Potato Attenuate Weight Gain in High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice

Purple sweet potato (PSP) is widely grown in Asia and considered as a healthy vegetable. The objective of the current study was to determine the anti‐obesity effect of the PSP on high fat diet induced obese C57BL/6J mice. The mice were administrated with high fat diet supplemented with the sweet potato (SP) or PSP at the concentration of 15% and 30% for 12 wk, respectively. The results showed that the supplementation of SP or PSP at 30% significantly ameliorated high fat diet induced obesity and its associated risk factors, including reduction of body weight and fat accumulation, improvement of lipid profile and modulation of energy expenditure. Moreover, PSP also posed beneficial effect on the liver and kidney functions. These results indicate that PSP and SP have anti‐obesity effect and are effective to reduce the metabolic risk.     

External cues challenging the internal appetite control system—Overview and practical implications

Inadequate regulation of food intake plays an important role in the development of overweight and obesity, and is under the influence of both the internal appetite control system and external environmental cues. Especially in environments where food is overly available, external cues seem to override and/or undermine internal signals, which put severe challenges on the accurate regulation of food intake. By structuring these external cues around five different phases in the food consumption process this paper aims to provide an overview of the wide range of external cues that potentially facilitate or hamper internal signals and with that influence food intake. For each of the five phases of the food consumption process, meal initiation, meal planning, consumption phase, end of eating episode and time till next meal, the most relevant internal signals are discussed and it is explained how specific external cues exert their influence.     

老年人肌少性肥胖的机制与运动营养调控研究进展

老年人肌少性肥胖(sarcopenic obesity,SO)是一种伴随着肥胖的骨骼肌质量和功能下降的老年性疾病,多发于老年人群而严重影响其生活质量。大量研究结果表明随着年龄的增长,即使体质量不变,老年人身体组成也会逐渐改变,肌肉质量功能下降,脂肪比例上升且主要堆积在肌肉组织、内脏器官,整体表现为肌肉脂肪量上升、炎症因子增多、生长激素水平下降、营养摄入不足、活动量降低、神经元功能下降以及胰岛素抵抗等,这些现象都与SO相关。从分子水平阐述其相关机制,研究者发现骨骼肌蛋白质合成与降解、骨骼肌糖脂代谢以及相关细胞因子均参与SO代谢通路的调控。运动干预、热量限制及蛋白质、VD、β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸盐、肌酸和乳清蛋白的摄入均可在一定程度上起到防治SO的效果。由于国内外对于SO的判断标准、发病机制以及防治手段仍不统一,给SO研究带来了较大难度。本文对国内外最新研究报道进行整理总结,从SO的定义、引起因素、涉及的细胞信号调控通路以及防治策略(运动或营养食品干预)等方面进行了综述,为SO治疗提供新思路。     

益生元对早产儿、肥胖及老年群体肠道菌群调节机制的研究现状

肠道微生物是人体不可或缺的一部分,微生物多样性和群落结构的稳定性与机体健康息息相关。临床研究 表明,肠道微生物数量在特殊人群的疾病发展中扮演着重要角色。益生元作为人体膳食重要的组成部分,主要为植 物源的非消化性低聚糖和膳食纤维,其具有选择性促进肠道内特定菌群增殖与活力的效果。本文以肠道微生物在人 体中的变化过程为研究对象,主要对比3 类特殊人群（早产儿、肥胖人群及老年人）的肠道微生物定植差异以及益 生元对此类人群肠道菌群的调节作用。为益生元的肠道菌群调节机理和益生元功能性食品开发提供理论依据。     

Autotaxin-LPA-LPP3 Axis in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disease

Besides serving as a structural membrane component and intermediate of the glycerolipid metabolism, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has a prominent role as a signaling molecule through its binding to LPA receptors at the cell surface. Extracellular LPA is primarily produced from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) through the activity of secreted lysophospholipase D, autotaxin (ATX). The degradation of extracellular LPA to monoacylglycerol is mediated by lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) at the cell membrane. This review summarizes and interprets current literature on the role of the ATX-LPA-LPP3 axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis, insulin function, and adiposity at baseline and under conditions of obesity. We also discuss how the ATX-LPA-LPP3 axis influences obesity-related metabolic complications, including insulin resistance, fatty liver disease, and cardiomyopathy.     

植物乳杆菌Sc52联合牛蒡低聚果糖对2型糖尿病模型小鼠的治疗作用

目的：研究植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）Sc52和牛蒡低聚果糖（burdock fructooligosaccharide,BFO）联合使用对2型糖尿病小鼠的治疗作用。方法：高脂饲料结合链脲佐菌素（streptozocin,STZ）建立2型糖尿病小鼠模型,分成6 组,各组连续4 周接受不同处理,实验结束后测定小鼠空腹血糖含量、血糖曲线下面积,血清中脂质、胰岛素和炎症因子水平等相关生化指标;分析小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸含量及主要菌群数量。结果：Sc52＋BFO组合能够抑制小鼠血清中总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、内毒素（endotoxin,ET）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosisfactor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）水平的升高,明显提升血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、胰岛素（insulin,INS）水平;Sc52＋BFO组合还能提高小鼠肠道中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量,降低乳酸含量;促进小鼠肠道中乳杆菌、双歧杆菌的生长,抑制肠球菌、肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌等有害微生物的生长,且Sc52＋BFO组合治疗糖尿病的效果优于单独使用BFO和Sc52。结论：植物乳杆菌Sc52和BFO联合使用能够调节小鼠肠道菌群平衡、降低血糖血脂含量、抑制炎症因子表达,提高2型糖尿病小鼠胰岛素水平。     

木犀草素通过蛋白激酶C途径抑制肥胖相关的巨噬细胞极化

目的：木犀草素（luteolin,LU）是富含于多种植物源食品中的天然黄酮类化合物,实验旨在探讨其对肥胖相关的巨噬细胞极化的影响及机制。方法：将5 周龄雄性小鼠分为3 组分别给予低脂饮食（low-fat diet,LFD）、高脂饮食（high-fat diet,HFD）和添加0.01%木犀草素的高脂饮食（HFD＋0.01% LU）,喂养12 周后利用免疫组织化学染色检测附睾脂肪组织中巨噬细胞,并利用实时定量荧光聚合酶链式反应分别检测促炎性M1巨噬细胞和抗炎性M2巨噬细胞的标记基因表达情况;体外实验研究木犀草素对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）诱导的巨噬细胞系RAW264.7极化的影响,利用蛋白激酶C激活剂佛波酯进行干预后,检测促炎性细胞因子、M1和M2标记基因的mRNA表达情况。结果：木犀草素降低了高脂饮食诱导的脂肪组织巨噬细胞聚集和M1型巨噬细胞标记基因CD11c与Nos2 mRNA的表达;体外木犀草素也抑制了LPS诱导巨噬细胞炎性因子和M1型巨噬细胞标记基因的表达,上调M2型巨噬细胞标记基因的表达,且这些作用依赖于蛋白激酶C途径。结论：木犀草素能够抑制肥胖相关的巨噬细胞极化,并且通过蛋白激酶C途径抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎性因子的表达与极化。