Reducing cycling costs in coal fired power plants through power to hydrogen

The increase of renewable share in the energy generation mix makes necessary to increase the flexibility of the electricity market. Thus, fossil fuel thermal power plants have to adapt their electricity production to compensate these fluctuations. Operation at partial load means a significant loss of efficiency and important reduction of incomes from electricity sales in the fossil power plant. Among the energy storage technologies proposed to overcome these problems, Power to Gas (PtG) allows for the massive storage of surplus electricity in form of hydrogen or synthetic natural gas. In this work, the integration of a Power to Gas system (50 MWe) with fossil fuel thermal power plants (500 MWe) is proposed to reduce the minimum complaint load and avoid shutdowns. This concept allows a continuous operation of power plants during periods with low demand, avoiding the penalty cost of shutdown. The operation of the hybrid system has been modelled to calculate efficiencies, hydrogen and electricity production as a function of the load of the fossil fuel power plant. Results show that the utilisation of PtG diminishes the specific cost of producing electricity between a 20% and 50%, depending on the framework considered (hot, warm and cold start-up). The main contribution is the reduction of the shutdown penalties rather than the incomes from the sale of the hydrogen. At the light of the obtained results, the hybrid system may be implemented to increase the cost-effectiveness of existing fossil fuel power plants while adapting the energy mix to high shares of variable renewable electricity sources.     

计及损耗的双馈感应风力发电机高电压穿越控制策略

利用换向原理分析其电磁暂态特性，在此基础上，对DFIG输出无功功率与其铜损耗的解析关系进行了理论分析，推导出了使铜损耗最低的DFIG输出无功功率最优参考值。同时，转子的瞬时功率补偿分量减小了DC总线电压的波动，从而减少了转换器的功率损耗。由此，提出了考虑DFIG铜损和转换器损耗的DFIG高电压穿越控制策略。仿真结果表明，该控制策略可以在保证DFIG高电压穿越能力的同时降低DFIG铜损耗与换流器损耗，并具有较好的暂态特性。     

单相并联型有源电力滤波器主电路参数耦合关系研究

单相并联型有源电力滤波器(SAPF)主电路参数之间存在一定的耦合关系,这对各参数值的合理选择有较大的影响。通过分析现有单/三相SAPF主电路交流侧电感以及直流侧电压、电容值等参数的计算方法,得到了具体的单相SAPF电路参数解析表达式。针对所得表达式各变量之间的耦合关系,在MATLAB中进行建模优化分析,得出一套完整的参数设计方案。保证在特定负载下补偿后谐波含量低于2%的综合优化目标。仿真和实验过程验证了所选参数的正确性。     

Enabling supercapacitors to compete for ancillary services: An important step towards 100 % renewable energy

While wind and solar generation has increased dramatically over the past decade, there has been a much larger increase in gas generation (eia, 2019). This is driven in part by low gas prices but also in part by how electricity markets are organized. The intermittent nature of wind and solar generation increases the need for more flexible and reliable generation; a role gas plants fill well. However, current market structures and rules unfairly tip the balance in their favor compared to energy storage systems. They have created market barriers restrictive enough to prevent market participation of a technology key to a 100 % renewable grid: supercapacitors. Adjusting markets to remove the market barriers to supercapacitor and other energy storage systems will allow for increased renewable penetration while simultaneously improving grid performance and reducing costs.     

CNG-电混动公交车道路行驶工况与排放特性研究

CNG-电公交车以天然气作为发动机燃料,辅以电机共同驱动的混合动力车辆,车辆行驶速度低、启动频繁等特性,发动机实际运行工况与型式检验工况具有较大差异。为研究其实际行驶工况与排放特性,选取4辆国V排放标准的CNG-电混合动力公交车,往返于市区与城郊,使用PEMS(portable emission measurement system)实时收集车辆行驶及NO_X排放数据。结果表明,发动机运行工况集中于中低功率段,与型式检验工况差异较大,污染物排放集中于发动机切入车辆传动系统的临界车速附近。     

电厂管理按要素划分区域精准成本控制

为了降低发电企业运行成本,本文提出按生产要素划分为水、煤、电三个区域,精准分析造成煤耗、电耗、水耗高的原因,对可控成本的关键指标采取针对性措施,实现了电厂降低生产成本、节能降耗的目标。     

采用泡沫铜电极的热再生氨电池性能数值模拟

以采用泡沫铜电极的热再生氨电池（thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery，TRAB）为研究对象，建立了多孔介质内物质传输与电化学反应耦合的稳态模型，计算获得了电池性能及多孔电极内物质传输特性，并研究了电解质浓度和电极孔隙率对电池性能的影响。研究结果表明，从主流区界面到多孔电极内部，阳极氨和阴极铜离子浓度逐渐降低，存在一定的浓度梯度，而且随着反应电流的增大，浓度梯度明显增大。在一定的范围内分别增大阳极氨浓度和阴极铜离子浓度，从主流区向多孔电极内物质传输增强，电池性能均能不断提升；随着硫酸铵浓度的增大，电解质电导率增大，电池性能逐渐提升，但增幅逐渐减小。此外，多孔电极孔隙率也会影响电池性能，本研究中TRAB在电极孔隙率为0.6时获得最高的最大功率(15.3 mW)。     

Benchmark value determination of energy efficiency indexes for coal-fired power units based on data mining methods

The operational optimisation of coal-fired power units is important for saving energy and reducing losses in the electric power industry. One of the key issues is how to determine the benchmark values of the energy efficiency indexes of the units. Therefore, a new framework for determining these benchmark values is proposed, based on data mining methods. First, the energy efficiency key performance indicators (KPIs) associated with the net coal consumption rate (NCCR) were selected based on the domain knowledge. Second, the decision-making samples with minimal NCCR were acquired with the fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm, and the corresponding clustering centres were employed as the benchmark values. Finally, based on the support vector regression (SVR) algorithm, the target values of the NCCR were obtained with the KPIs as input, and the energy saving potential was evaluated by comparing the target values with the historical values of the NCCR. An actual on-duty 1000 MW unit was taken as study unit, and the results show that the energy saving potential is remarkable when the operators adjust the KPIs based on the calculated benchmark values.     

枞树型核电轮槽精铣刀制造技术优化设计

以枞树型叶根精铣刀为例,阐述了可换硬质合金型线刀体和刀片精铣刀的优化设计、制造工艺、建模及优化设计,进行切削过程加工策略优化和加工过程模拟,设计制造了锥柄专用工装及检测环规、磨削刀片后角专用工装,采用NUMROTO软件编制刀片加工工步。该项目研制的可换刀片精铣刀型线精度完全能达到进口铣刀水平,能满足大部分轮槽与叶根加工对型线精度的要求,可以大幅度节约刀具费用。     

10MW级深冷液化空气储能发电系统自动启动控制方法研究

以10 MW级深冷液化空气储能发电系统为研究对象,简要介绍了技术原理、系统构成、主要设备及工艺流程,并从自动控制视角,分别设计了储、释能阶段的启动方法。基于该自动启动方法,可完成储能阶段空气净化及压缩、空气液化、储热和蓄冷子系统的联合运行以及释能阶段储热、蓄冷和膨胀发电子系统的联合运行,实现了储能阶段自动达到额定出液量及释能阶段自动满足额定发电量的需求,提高了能量型机械储能系统对电网负荷变化的响应速度。