加压条件下气固喷射器输送特性的三维数值模拟

利用Lagrangian和Eulerian法相结合的三维数值模拟技术,对影响收缩型气固喷射器的输送特性的关键因素进行数值模拟研究,数值模型中考虑了气固两相的相互耦合作用.模拟研究结果表明,气固喷射器内的固体颗粒轴向平均速度随收缩段的收缩角减小而增大,当收缩角小于一定值后,收缩角对喷射器内的固体颗粒速度以及气固两相流的混合的影响甚微.此外,收缩段的收缩角和驱动气体入口风速对收缩型气固喷射器内的静压分布也均有一定的影响.     

柴油机喷油器体锻件锻造新工艺

对柴油机喷油器体锻件锻造工艺的国内外情况进行了概述,介绍了楔横轧精密制坯－立铸成形工艺,并对各种锻造工艺进行了综合比较。     

船用低速柴油机电控喷油器的动态响应特性研究

基于AMESim液力仿真平台搭建了船用低速柴油机双阀电控喷油器的数值模型,循环喷油量的计算值与实测值的最大误差仅为3.38%,且喷油压力、增压活塞位移关键时序指标的试验数据与计算数据的最大相对误差不足1%,证明了该模型的准确性。为了分析喷油器的动态响应特性,定义了开启响应时间和关闭响应时间,探究了结构参数对喷油器响应特性的影响规律,并通过帕累托分析确定了各因素对喷油器响应特性的影响权重。结果表明：喷油器开启响应时间与增压活塞小头直径、针阀最大升程、针阀弹簧预紧力、控制腔直径呈正相关,与增压活塞大头直径呈负相关,各因素对喷油器开启响应时间的影响权重分别为8.59%、15.74%、4.97%、10.88%、9.48%。喷油器关闭响应时间与增压活塞大头直径、针阀最大升程呈正相关,其影响权重分别为7.86%、27.33%,与增压活塞小头直径、针阀弹簧预紧力、控制腔直径呈负相关,其影响权重分别为6.22%、7.29%、7.36%。对于喷油器开启响应时间,增压活塞小头直径与增压活塞大头直径、增压活塞大头直径与针阀最大升程、增压活塞小头直径与针阀最大升程、增压活塞大头直径与针阀弹簧预紧力以及增压活塞小头直径与针阀弹簧预紧力间的交互作用为关键交互因素,其影响权重分别为5.49%、4.55%、3.95%、3.33%、3.19%。对于喷油器关闭响应时间,针阀最大升程与控制腔、增压活塞大头直径与控制腔、增压活塞大头直径与针阀最大升程和控制腔直径、增压活塞大头直径与针阀最大升程以及针阀弹簧预紧力与控制腔直径间的交互作用为关键交互因素,其影响权重分别为5.02%、3.60%、3.46%、3.39%、3.17%。     

进水温度对汽液两相流激波升压特性影响的实验研究

采用实验方法研究了进水温度对汽液两相流激波升压特性的影响。实验采用供热机组的工业抽汽;由蒸汽喷嘴,混合腔及相应的阀门和管道组成汽液两相流激波升压装置,实验发现存在一个临界进水温度,当水温度大于该临界值后,汽液两相流激波升压装置的升压特性将严重下降。     

液压自由活塞柴油机喷油特性研究

针对液压自由活塞柴油机的特点提出了共轨液压式柴油喷油系统,即利用液压自由活塞柴油机的高压油路替代供油系统的高压油泵。通过对共轨液压式喷油系统的原理分析,利用活塞式供油规律测试仪对其喷油规律展开离线研究,研究了不同驱动压力、不同喷射频率条件下的循环喷油量、喷油延迟时间的变化规律。为进一步研究发动机实际运行过程中气门控制油路等对喷油过程产生的影响,在线对循环喷油量进行了测量。结果表明:由于喷油器驱动油路和气门驱动油路连接在一起,气门驱动供油造成了喷油器驱动油路的压力波动,从而使得循环喷油量变动范围变大(-6.9%9.5%),最终影响发动机稳定运行。对发动机气门及喷油驱动油路改进后进行连续运行试验,试验研究结果表明:循环喷油量的波动及实际喷油位置的变化都会影响液压自由活塞发动机连续稳定运行,要实现液压自由活塞发动机连续可靠稳定运行,必须减小循环喷油量波动和喷油延迟时间。     

粉末冶金新技术生产汽车喷油器压块

对汽车喷油器压块受力状态及产品结构进行分析,用粉末冶金成形、烧结新技术,成功研制出各项性能指标均达到要求的汽车喷油器压块.结果显示对于粉末冶金Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu-C合金材料,提高压坯密度可以提高产品强度但提高有限,延长烧结时间,提高烧结温度到1250℃,可以使Ni烧结基本达到均匀合金化,经碳氮共渗热处理后强度有显著...     

Combined effect of multi-injection scheme,injector nozzle bore,and biodiesel blends on combustion and performance characteristics of diesel engine

Many researchers have conducted extensive experimental and numerical studies to explore the influences of multiple types of fuels. The high demand of energy in the world has led to the growing crisis and depletion of fossil fuels. Therefore, the researchers have focused on investigating renewable energy sources like biodiesel with the aim of suggesting, which energy is more friendly to the environment. Biodiesel has specifications for using it as an alternative fuel to traditional fossil fuels. Whereas, the use of biodiesel fuel in the original design of Diesel engine can emit a higher percentage of nitrogen oxides (NO_x). Therefore, to reduce the harmful emissions of the fuel, the injection schemes and injector nozzle bore (INB) of the engine were modified. The present research combines the effect of the nozzle hole diameters and split injection scheme on the performance and combustion parameters of compression ignition (CI) engine was investigated. The engine was fueled with diesel blended of different proportions (Sp20, Sp40, Sp60, and Sp100) of spirulina biodiesel to prove the suitability of this blend as an alternative fuel. The injector nozzle has three injection holes, and the diameter of the three modified holes of the nozzle is changing (from 0.20 to 0.28 mm, step 0.02 mm) along with two types of scheme injection (double and triple). Furthermore, the influence of the direct injection Diesel-RK model, single-cylinder, four-stroke engine; constant compression ratio (17.5:1), engine speed (1500 rpm), and naturally aspired engine at full load condition are studied. A comparison of the present simulation is compared with published results to validate the present simulation model for conventional baseline Diesel for validation. The simulation was done to investigate and present a comparative study with the conventional baseline Diesel engine. The double injection scheme shows a decrease by 1.8%, 1.7%, and 1.9% for parameters of peak cylinder pressure (PCP), peak cylinder temperature (PCT), and maximum rate of pressure rise, respectively. Whereas, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) and break thermal efficiency are increased by 8.7% and 9.33%, respectively. The results showed a reduction by 2.1%, 20.5%, 22.1%, and 3.2% in PCP, PCT, maximum rate of pressure rise, and break thermal efficiency, respectively. Moreover, the SFC is increased by 3.1% with the modified INB 0.28 (mm).     

Correlating armature and needle dynamics with voltage waveforms of solenoid-actuated GDI injector

The injector voltage hump that appears near the needle closing has been used for the real-time monitoring and feedback control of fuel injection duration in modern engines. This voltage hump has been thought to result from the abrupt change in electromagnetic induction by the stoppage of needle motion but detailed electromagnetic processes and associated armature and needle dynamics during the needle closing have not been thoroughly investigated in a wide range of injection conditions, which knowledge is crucial for the delicate control of fuel injection based on the voltage hump. The current study analyzes the transient armature and needle dynamics of a solenoid-actuated gasoline direct injection injector using an X-ray phase-contrast imaging technique. Then, the results are correlated with voltage waveforms during the needle closing transient under various injection pressures, injection pulse durations, and dwell times of split injections. The time derivatives of voltage waveforms showed lower and upper peaks in order in the regime of the voltage hump. Inconsistent with conventional understandings, the lower peak timing of the voltage derivative did not match with the timing of needle closing (end of injection) but rather matched with the abrupt descent timing of the armature and needle. The inflection timing and upper peak timing of the voltage derivative matched with the timings of actual needle closing and armature closing respectively. The amplitude of the voltage hump was near linearly dependent on the needle closing speed. The needle closing speed decreased upon the decrease of injection pulse duration and injection pressure which made it difficult to detect the voltage humps in ballistic injection regimes and low injection pressures. In split injection conditions, the voltage hump of the first injection was not detectable if the dwell time was shorter than the needle closing delay, the time from the current cut-off to the actual needle closing.     

超磁致伸缩式喷油器的结构参数优化及其响应特性研究

为提高现有喷油器的动态响应特性,采用超磁致伸缩驱动器（GMA）通过液压腔驱动球阀的形式,提出一种超磁致伸缩式喷油器(GMI)的设计方案。在阐述该喷油器的结构组成和工作原理基础上,基于Jiles-Atherton磁滞模型建立GMA的输出力模型,将其与喷油器液力模型耦合,建立了该喷油器的电-磁-机-液多场耦合模型;基于MATLAB/Simulink模块搭建该喷油器的仿真模型,分析不同偏置磁场下GMA的磁致伸缩曲线,以及不同GMA预应力下的球阀响应曲线;采用遗传算法,选取针阀响应时间为评价指标,对GMA的预应力、进出油孔直径、控制腔容积等关键参数进行优化。结果表明：设计的超磁致伸缩式喷油器具有良好的响应特性,优化使针阀开启延迟降低27.3%,针阀上升时间降低11.0%,针阀关闭延迟降低19.5%,针阀下降时间降低9.9%。