Al-Zn-Mg-Zr-RE和Al-Zn-Mg-Ti合金的超塑性及形变中的空洞行为

本文研究了Al-Zn-Mg-Zr-RE(A合金)及Al-Zn-Mg-Ti(B合金)的超塑性,并用X射线小角散射方法较系统的研究了不同应变速率不同变形度的亚稳定微空洞体积分数的变化规律,同时用定量金相方法测定了稳定空洞的长大规律,实验证明:A合金亚稳定空洞体积分数比B合金高,微空洞形核速率比B合金大,但A合金的稳定空洞长大速率比B合金小,故A合金的超塑性优于B合金。     

热轧态Al-Li合金的超塑性研究

本研究运用动态再结晶诱发超塑性的原理,对未经细化晶粒预处理的常规生产热轧态2091Al-Li合金直接进行高温拉伸,试验结果表明合金在470～530℃温度范围和2×10~(-4)～1×10~(-3)应变速率范围内具有超塑性,最大断裂延伸率达405％。根据光镜和电镜组织观察和真应力—真应变曲线的单一峰值和变形激活能随应变量增大而下降等特征,讨论了动态再结晶诱发超塑性的机制。     

Superplastic Property of the Ti–6Al–4V Alloy with Ultrafine‐Grained Heterogeneous Microstructure

Ti–6Al–4V alloy having a heterogeneous microstructure composed of ultrafine‐equiaxed‐α‐grains and fine‐lamellar‐α‐grains is investigated for microstructural changes during superplastic deformation at temperature of 700 °C. The Ti–6Al–4V alloy having an optimum fraction of fine‐lamellar‐α‐grains exhibits an excellent superplastic property and the highest elongation of 583% (tested at 700 °C 10^?3 s^?1). This is mainly due to the optimized activation of grain‐boundary‐sliding and additional accommodation mechanism associated with frequent occurrences of dynamic recrystallization and β precipitation at boundaries during deformation of the heterogeneous starting microstructure. The present result suggests the possibility that optimizing the starting microstructure so as to have an optimum heterogeneous‐microstructure serves as an additional stress accommodation mechanism and leads to a large superplastic elongation.

     

超塑性研究展望

简述了超塑性领域今后研究的几个可能的发展方向。     

喷射成形超高碳钢的超塑性等温锻造性能研究

研究了喷射成形超高碳钢的显微组织 ,表征了其超塑性变形的力学特征 ,喷射成形超高碳钢的最佳变形温度为 82 0℃ ,最佳应变速率为 2 5× 10 - 4s- 1 。测定了超塑性等温锻造后喷射成形超高碳钢的室温力学性能 ,并观察了其显微组织。结果表明 ,超塑性等温锻造工艺使超高碳钢的组织得到了致密化 ,其原始组织主要是均匀、细密的珠光体 ,锻造后则大部分转变为细小的等轴铁素体晶粒以及弥散分布于其上的碳化物的组织。     

激光焊接Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Fe-2Mo合金的超塑成形组织及性能研究

SP700钛合金具有优异的低温超塑性,本文对光纤激光焊接的SP700钛合金的超塑变形性能、组织演化及变形后的力学性能进行研究。结果发现,800℃锥形件变形时,焊接方向平行轧制方向具有更优的超塑变形性能,最大成形压力为0.8MPa,最大成形高度为75mm,较母材高20mm。随着变形量的增加,焊缝区粗大的柱状晶和焊接接头咬边逐渐消失,晶粒得到细化。经过33%的超塑变形量后,焊接方向平行和垂直轧制方向的抗拉强度均有所下降,但平行轧制方向、775℃成形的抗拉强度下降最小,仅为2.2%。锥形件和盒形件拉伸试样的断裂失效位置均在母材上。     

变形参数对TA32合金的超塑性变形行为及微观组织演化的影响

针对我国自主研制的TA32高温钛合金,开展了在变形温度为895-935℃和应变速率为8.3×10_-4-1.32×10-2 s_-1条件下的高温拉伸变形试验研究,利用电子背散射技术(EBSD)表征了不同变形条件下的晶粒形貌、晶粒取向和分布规律。结果表明：TA32合金具有良好的超塑性变形能力,最大断裂延伸率能达到1141.8%。在高温和低应变速率条件下,晶粒的长大容易造成在变形后期真实应力出现上升现象。真实应力和断裂延伸率对变形温度、变形程度和应变速率均是敏感的,动态再结晶容易在高温或低应变速率条件下发生。动态再结晶程度随着变形温度的升高、应变速率的降低和变形程度的增大而增大,变形后的织构接近随机取向织构,原始晶粒得到等轴化,提高了晶粒尺寸的均匀性。在变形过程中,不连续动态再接晶是主要的动态再结晶机制,随着变形温度的升高、应变速率的降低和变形程度的增大,不连续动态再结晶的作用在增强,连续动态再结晶的作用则是在减弱。     

搅拌摩擦加工AZ31细晶镁合金超塑性行为研究

借助搅拌摩擦加工工艺制备了AZ31细晶镁合金,研究对比了原始母材和各种晶粒尺寸细晶镁合金的超塑性行为。结果表明：AZ31板材平均晶粒尺寸由7.67μm细化到0.94μm~3.21μm。在450℃,应变速率5×10-4/s-1时原始母材最大延伸率为630%,搅拌摩擦加工后的材料最大延伸率为405%,说明晶粒尺寸与超塑性性能没有线性关系。超塑性变形机制主要是晶界滑移,孪生对变形也有一定影响。断裂机制是晶间微小空洞的形成、长大和连接。     

Effect of microstructures on superplasticity of A1-11%Si alloy

Three kinds of A1-11%Si （mass fraction） alloy samples with different processes were produced to investigate the effect of microstructures on its superplasticity. Among them, the as-ECAP sample pressed 16 passes has ultrafine grains （300 nm） and the finest secondary particles. The ECAP-T6 sample, with ECAP 16 passes followed by T6 treatment, has fine secondary particles （3 μm） but the largest grains （8 μm）. Contrarily, the T6-ECAP sample, with T6 treatment followed by ECAP 16 passes, has ultrafine grains and the large secondary particles （7 μm）. The tensile testing results show that the as-ECAP sample exhibits superplasticity at high strain rate of 5.75×10^-1 s^-1 due to its fine secondary particles and ultrafine grains. The ECAP-T6 sample, however, does not exhibit superplasticity at the same high strain rate of 5.75×10^-1 s^-1 because it has relatively large secondary particles and large grains. Remarkably, the T6-ECAP sample does not have superplasticity even at the lower strain rate of 1.15×10^-1 s^-1, attributing to its comparatively large secondary particles. When most secondary particles are larger than 7 μm, the high strain rate superplasticity could not be obtained even if this sample has ultrafine grains.     

微量添加元素对Monel K—500合金的高温塑性的作用

发现微量Ｍｇ,Ｃｒ和Ｃｏ元素对Ｍｏｎｅｌ Ｋ－５００型的高温塑性具有明显的改善作用,实验合金在高温下表现出一定的超塑性。测定了超塑性的应变速率敏感指数ｍ值和形变激活能,发现合金在超塑性变形时激活艰较低,超塑性变形可能是一个扩散所控制的过程。