Estimates of the Linke turbidity factor over Zimbabwe using ground-measured clear-sky global solar radiation and sunshine records based on a modified ESRA clear-sky model approach

This paper describes a procedure that can be used to calculate values for Linke atmospheric turbidity factors at air mass 2 (TL2) over Zimbabwe. Ground measured daily global solar radiation on clear days over 3years is used to evaluate TL2 for those stations that measure global radiation. The evaluation makes use of the clear-sky model of the European Solar Radiation Atlas (ESRA) combined with a diffuse transmittance model developed in the study. For those stations that do not measure global radiation but have sunshine duration records, global radiation values are generated through Angstrom type regression coefficients between the clearness index and relative sunshine duration. The TL2 values that are generated from the ESRA model are higher than those obtained from the study model (root mean square error (RMSE) up to 1.0 Turbidity Units). When compared to TL2 values from this study, the worldwide database SoDA, give significantly higher TL2 values (RMSE up to 2.2 Turbidity Units), underlining the value addition obtained in using measurement derived values in place of SoDA values.The values obtained from the study may be used to yield better estimates of clear-sky solar radiation for Zimbabwe. A better estimate of the clear-sky solar radiation will in turn improve the accuracy of the global radiation estimates from satellite based methods.     

几种常用木材热解(燃烧)后的烟气析出规律试验研究

在火灾可燃物热解与着火实验台上，对白桦、红皮云杉、蒙古栎、山杨、樟子松五种木材进行了热解燃烧试验，测定了各种木材在20～60kW／m^2辐射热流下的主要烟气成分，得到了在不同辐射热流下，各种木材的烟气析出规律，分析了辐射热流和样品密度对烟气析出过程的影响，探讨了样品表面温度、失重速率和烟气析出的内在联系。     

俄罗斯人造板生产现状与技术进展概述

介绍俄罗斯人造板的生产现状、生产技术发展规划和技术进展概况.     

Electrical relaxations in polymeric particulate composites of epoxy resin and metal particles

Composites of epoxy resins and nickel particles in various amounts were prepared and their dielectric spectra were measured in the frequency range 5 Hz–13 MHz and temperature interval from ambient to 140°C.The formalism of electric modulus proved to be efficient in analysing and interpreting obtained data.For these composites two relaxation processes are revealed in the frequency range and temperature interval of the measurements.One is an interfacial dielectric relaxation (Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars), MWS and the other is a conductivity relaxation. They both follow the Cole–Davidson approach with the exponent γ reflecting a distribution of relaxation times with the characteristics of each process.AC conductivity of these composites is frequency and temperature dependant, it generally follows the exponential law σ_ac∼ω^s and reveals a conductivity relaxation process, in the low frequencies.     

白洋淀养鸭废水水质组成及其扩散和消减特征

为了保护白洋淀生态环境,合理规划养殖规模与范围,通过夏、冬两季对鸭养殖区及周边水样的采集、测试,结合Suffer软件分析,对白洋淀鸭养殖区水质的时空变化、扩散和消减特征进行研究。结果表明:鸭养殖区水质超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)V类水标准,主要污染物为TN、TP、NH+4-N和COD,质量浓度分别为9.51~14.20、0.92~1.77、7.33~9.06和54.10~83.45 mg/L,夏季污染物浓度显著高于冬季;养殖废水在淀区南部消减效果明显优于北部,这主要是由于南部地区水面开阔,水生植物分布面积广,有利于湖泊的自净作用的发挥。养鸭废水中铜的消减效率最高,夏冬两季的削减效率分别为每km 15.5%±11.0%和14.8%±12.9%,硝酸盐的消减效率最低,夏冬两季分别为每km 8.7%±5.8%和5.0%±4.3%,养鸭废水消减效率与扩散距离呈负相关关系,铜的消减效率随扩散距离的增加下降最快,硝酸盐最慢。     

竹材加工剩余物的应用探究

为有效提高木质纤维原料的综合利用率,笔者提出了用酸性亚硫酸氢钠预处理分离半纤维素和纤维素的工艺。以竹浆产业加工剩余物为原料,进行了原料预处理、戊糖脱水环化和木素脱除的一系列实验。实验结果表明:亚硫酸氢钠预处理可以实现聚戊糖大部分水解,水解率达到90.78%;在非最优条件下,采用Milox溶剂法进行水解底物木素脱除,木素脱除率达到98.91%。     

垃圾土边坡失稳离心模拟试验研究

垃圾围城现象在中国十分明显,其潜在的危害是在极端气候和环境条件下,由于强降雨和渗滤液回灌引起有效应力降低,从而导致填埋体发生滑坡,甚至演化为流滑现象。本文根据中国城市垃圾土的特点,配置了垃圾土试样并制作模型,采用大型土工离心机针对不同龄期的垃圾土边坡在多种工况组合条件下进行了模型试验。为了使模型边坡在高加速度场下达到破坏,开发了变角度模型箱。在离心机转动过程中,通过调整模型箱的角度来增加边坡的坡度,直至垃圾土边坡模型达到破坏。试验过程中同时监测模型变形,通过数据分析,发现了垃圾土边坡变形及失稳的一般性规律。本文同时给出一种离心模拟试验中模型边坡安全储备的估算方法。     

竹材密实化及其物理力学性能研究

采用平压-热压法对毛竹材进行压缩密实试验，探讨竹材的压缩率与密度、密度与静曲强度及弹性模量、热压温度与静曲强度及弹性模量相互之间的关系。     

Study on properties of radiata pine wood treated with furfuryl alcohol as fretboard materials for string instruments

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products - The commercial applications of endangered wood species (e.g., ebony, Indian rosewood, and African blackwood) for string instrument fretboards have been...     

纳米纤维素晶体的性能研究

竹子溶解浆经植物粉碎机预处理,再用硫酸水解制备纳米纤维素晶体(NCC)。利用马尔文激光粒度仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)对原料及纳米纤维素晶体的尺寸、形貌、晶体特性、结构和热性能进行表征。结果表明:NCC的Z均粒径为128.7nm;竹浆经机械粉碎部分纤维长链被切断;由TEM图观察可知NCC为棒状,直径5~10nm,长度100~200nm;竹浆及NCC属于纤维素Ⅰ型,结晶度由竹浆的64.27%提高到72.04%;FTIR图谱表明竹浆与NCC化学结构基本一致;TGA分析表明NCC的热稳定性低于竹浆,但NCC的降解速率较竹浆缓慢,并且NCC的热解残余率增大。