铜钼混合精矿浮选分离工艺及分离抑制剂研究进展

铜钼硫化矿常常紧密共生而且可浮性相近,二者的浮选分离一直是科研工作者研究的重点。从工艺和药剂2个方面对铜钼混合精矿的浮选分离进行了介绍。铜钼浮选常采用混合浮选工艺,黄铜矿和辉钼矿在与捕收剂作用后,二者的可浮性差异减小,在对二者进行浮选分离前,通常先进行脱药预处理,以降低抑制剂的使用量。常见的预处理工艺有加热处理、浓缩脱药处理、氧化脱药处理、等离子体处理等。针对铜钼分离工艺存在的问题,选矿工作者提出了充氮浮选、浮选柱分离、脉动高梯度磁选分离、加温分离等铜钼分离工艺。介绍了铜钼浮选分离过程关键药剂抑制剂的种类及应用情况。无机抑制剂有硫化钠类、氰化物、诺克斯类药剂等,有机抑制剂有巯基类、硫代类、黄原酸类等。指出在进行铜钼浮选分离之前铜钼混合精矿的预处理方法需要进一步优化,以增加黄铜矿与辉钼矿的可浮性差异。现在工业上使用的铜钼分离抑制剂仍然存在易氧化、药耗大、毒性高、价格贵等缺陷,需要加大投入进行高效、低毒、价廉、易降解的新型浮选抑制剂的开发。     

铜硫分离有机抑制剂选择的试验研究

研究了在低碱条件下,乳酸、单宁酸、水杨酸、焦性没食子酸等有机抑制剂对黄铜矿、黄铁矿可浮性的影响。试验表明:这几种有机抑制剂都能一定程度地抑制黄铁矿,在铜硫浮选分离过程中,添加少量的焦性没食子酸或单宁能成功实现铜硫分离。     

脆硫锑铅矿与铁闪锌矿分选的无氰药剂研究

研究了亚硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、石灰+硫酸锌、硫酸锌+硫化钠、硫酸锌+亚硫酸钠等无氰药剂或者组合药剂对脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿可浮性的影响.研究表明,硫酸锌+亚硫酸钠(摩尔比1∶1)是铁闪锌矿的高效抑制剂,能够使铅锌矿物得到成功有效分离,并获得理想的铅精矿指标,而且可以减少污染,保护生态环境。     

Novel application of depressant sodium mercaptoacetate in flotation separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite

The development of flotation reagents with high selectivity and strong depression ability is of great significance in the efficient enrichment of copper sulfide ores. In this work, a new depressant, sodium mercaptoacetate (SMA) has been explored for the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite, and the depression mechanism of SMA was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR), adsorption tests, local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test (LEIS), Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Micro-flotation tests showed that SMA strongly depresses pyrite in the pH range of 6–10. When the dosage of SMA is 2.5 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L, the dosage of SBX is 1 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L, and pH = 6.5, the concentrate with a Cu grade of 31.93% and chalcopyrite recovery of 85.97% can be obtained, in which the pyrite recovery was only 4.18%, respectively. The strong chemical adsorption between SMA and Fe atomic sites exposed on the surface of pyrite reduces the hydrophobicity of pyrite and hinders the adsorption of SBX. In comparison, SMA has less adsorption on the surface of chalcopyrite and hardly affects the further adsorption of SBX. It was shown that SMA could be used as an effective depressant for pyrite in the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite.     

用改性水玻璃浮选钼矿石

介绍用普通水玻璃制备具有较高活性的改性水玻璃的方法、性能及其在钼矿石选别过程中的实际应用效果     

The utilization of tamarind seed gum as a novel dolomite depressant in the selective flotation of apatite from dolomite

In this study, the separation of apatite from dolomite was first investigated by using tamarind seed gum (TSG) to depress the flotation of dolomite in sodium oleate (NaOL) collector system. The effects of pH and flotation reagents concentration were studied, and the results indicated that TSG could strongly depress the dolomite floatability rather than apatite floatability. A satisfactory separation effect was realized when pH was 9.0, TSG dosage was 10 mg/L and NaOL dosage was 40 mg/L, at which the recovery of single apatite and dolomite was 80.28 % and 3.46 % respectively, and the grade of P₂O₅ and the recovery of P₂O₅ of the concentrate was 35.86 % and 76 % respectively in mixed ore flotation experiments. To reveal the adsorption mechanism, the flotation reagents adsorption morphology, adsorption type, and adsorption site were analyzed through AFM images, zeta potential measurements, FT-IR spectra, and XPS spectra, respectively. It was found that TSG was adsorbed on apatite by hydrogen bond while adsorbed on dolomite by chemical bond. Hydrogen bond was weaker than chemical bond, thus NaOL could still express the strong adsorption on apatite surface when TSG was used as depressant, while TSG could impede NaOL to be adsorbed on dolomite. Therefore, TSG selectively restrained the flotation of dolomite, achieving the separation. Furthermore, the XPS results uncovered that the Ca and Mg of dolomite were the main active sites that react with TSG.