Knowledge of Home Dialysis Among Inner‐City Satellite Hemodialysis Patients

There is limited use of home renal replacement therapies in the U.S.A. One percent of dialysis patients are on home hemodialysis (HHD) and only 9% undergo peritoneal dialysis (PD). In an effort to better understand this, 161 satellite hemodialysis patients in 6 units in Brooklyn were surveyed. Forty‐eight percent of patients were women, 86% were black, 5% white, 8% Hispanic, and 1% other. Mean age was 49.4 years (range 22 – 69 years). Etiology of renal disease was hypertension (41%), diabetes mellitus (31%), polycystic kidney disease (3%), systemic lupus erythematosus (4%), and other or unknown (21%). Patients were queried about knowledge of and attitudes toward home therapies. Seventy‐nine percent of patients knew of home dialysis. The source of this information was the nephrologist (59%), the social worker (14%), a nurse (8%), other patients (4%), and other sources (15%). Only 10% of patients had ever considered HHD. Fifty‐four percent were afraid to do self‐care at home and 35% were not interested. Surprisingly, only 3% felt they had no reliable helper and 8% felt that their housing was not suitable. Similarly, 78% of patients had been spoken to about PD, but only 11% had considered it. Forty‐one percent were afraid of doing self‐care on PD, and 45% were not interested. We conclude that, although the majority of patients in six inner‐city dialysis units had heard of home dialysis, only a small number ever considered it. As many patients were afraid of doing home therapy, better education about the risks and benefits needs to be disseminated.     

Effect of Strong Anisotropy in Grain-Boundary Energy on Boundary Mobility in Abnormally Grown Grains

The growth of a large crystal into a fine-grained polycrystal of the same phase is considered through a two-dimensional model. The macroscopic driving force for growth depends only on the average energy of the grain boundaries of the polycrystalline matrix. The analysis reveals a dependence of the local driving force and effective mobility on the orientation of the interface between the large crystal and the matrix. The orientations with very low energy relative to the neighboring orientations also have low effective mobility. Applications are found in modeling of abnormal grain growth in ceramics and in experiments designed to measure the mobility of grain boundaries.     

The cylindrical banyan multicomputer: A reconfigurable systolic architecture

A new reconfigurable systolic multicomputer architecture is presented. The proposed architecture, called the Cylindrical Banyan Multicomputer (CBM), is based on the structure of a modified banyan network where every node of the network graph is composed of an application processor, a local memory and a communication processor, and network's inputs and outputs are merged (fused). The CBM has one of the lowest (cost) X (delay) among known multicomputer architectures based on regular networks. It is shown that a variety of computation structures such as pipelines, rings, and trees may be constructed and reconfigured in an optimal or a nearby optimal way on the CBM architecture, and that various basic algorithms can be executed very efficiently in a systolic manner. It is also shown that the CBM is an easily diagnosable and fault-tolerant system.     

Too Proud to Let Go: Narcissistic Entitlement as a Barrier to Forgiveness.

Narcissistic entitlement impedes forgiveness in ways not captured by other robust predictors (e.g., offense severity, apology, relationship closeness, religiosity, Big Five personality factors), as demonstrated in 6 studies. Narcissistic entitlement involves expectations of special treatment and preoccupation with defending one's rights. In Study 1, entitlement predicted less forgiveness and greater insistence on repayment for a past offense. Complementary results emerged from Study 2, which used hypothetical transgressions, and Study 3, which assessed broad forgiveness dispositions. Study 4 examined associations with the Big Five, and Study 5 extended the findings to a laboratory context. Study 6 demonstrated that entitlement predicted diminished increases in forgiveness over time. Taken together, these results suggest that narcissistic entitlement is a robust, distinct predictor of unforgiveness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Microwave Drilling of Ceramic Thermal-Barrier Coatings

The microwave drill is a novel process for creating shaped holes in nonconductive materials. Its inherent material selectivity makes the microwave drill ideally suited for the controlled removal of ceramic coatings from underlying metallic substrates. In this paper, it is shown that the microwave drill process can drill through ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to uncover an array of simulated cooling holes. The concept, apparatus, and procedure for successful drilling are described, and the potential for use in the production of advanced gas turbine components is discussed.     

Mental health and behavioral sciences: One federal agency's role in the behavioral sciences.

Presents a historical overview of the role of the National Institute of Mental Health in developing and using the behavioral sciences as the substantive base of its various programs of research, training and services. Major themes of research programs are illustrated with special reference to schizophrenia, brain-behavior relations, small-group interaction, collective behavior, and adaptation in stress. Training program development in the various mental health specialties is also described. Innovative models of interdisciplinary research training, involving the biological, psychological and social sciences are recommended to respond to complex research challenges in the mental health field. (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

“Inverted” peaks and current oscillations in cyclic voltammetry

Inverted peaks and strongly increased peaks have been reported and different explanations of these phenomena have been suggested[1,2]. The present communication discusses the peak shape distortions (“inverted” peaks, current oscillations) in terms of tangential movements of the mercury electrode surface. These distortions are explained similarly to the maxima in classical polarography: inhomogeneous polarization and inhomogeneous adsorption are considered as the two major forces causing the mercury surface movement and as a result, leading to the peak shape distortions. Experimental examples of the phenomena in aprotic and protic media and for organic and inorganic redox couples are given and explained in accordance with the proposed theory.     

Methane oxidative coupling over bismuth oxychloride-lithium carbonate-magnesia systems

The conversion of methane, the selectivity to C₂ hydrocarbons, and, particularly, the ethene-to-ethane ratio are much higher over BiOCl-Li₂CO₃-MgO than those over pure BiOCl and BiOCl-MgO. In addition, they remain almost the same over a period of 5 h for the former system, but decline significantly for the other two systems (BiOCl and 10% BiOCl-MgO). The XPS investigations provide some insight about the processes responsible for this behavior, indicating that not only Cl but also Bi is likely to play a role.     

Structural identification of a new acetildenafil analogue from pre-mixed bulk powder intended as a dietary supplement

An analogue of acetildenafil was detected in an extract of pre-mixed bulk powder. To our knowledge, the powder was destined to be encapsulated and sold as a dietary supplement. The structure was identified by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, ESI-MSⁿ and FTIR analyses. Owing to the inclusion of a hydroxyl group in acetildenafil, the detected compound was called 'hydroxyacetildenafil'. With increasing use of dietary supplements marketed for penile erectile dysfunction, the detection of analogues of sexual performance enhancers is important and timely.