Catalytic degradation of phenol in sonolysis by coal ash and H2O2/O3

This study demonstrated that coal ash, as widely distributed solid waste disposal, would function as a media for organic pollutants removal in the presence or absence of H₂O₂/O₃ under ultrasonic radiation. Coal ash could act as a catalyst to generate OH radicals with the presence of H₂O₂/O₃ and consequently enhance the phenol degradation. Experimental results showed that when using coal ash as a catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation, 83.4% and 88.8% of phenol was degraded in the presence of H₂O₂ or O₃, respectively. The degradation rate of phenol would increase with increasing amount of O₃, while there was an optimal concentration of H₂O₂ (1.5 mM) for phenol degradation. Higher dosage of coal ash could result in higher phenol degradation rates. H₂O₂/coal ash/ultrasonic system could achieve better performance for phenol degradation under more acidic conditions, while more alkaline condition in O₃/coal ash/ultrasonic system favored phenol degradation. This study provides a new approach for wastewater treatment especially when contaminated with phenolic pollutants.     

Fenton和类Fenton技术处理水中盐酸四环素试验研究

为了对比研究Fenton和EDTA-Fe~(3+)、 Fe~(3+)、 Fe~(6+)类Fenton试剂对盐酸四环素的氧化效果,考察了pH值、反应时间、 H_2O_2与铁离子的物质的量比、试剂投加量对盐酸四环素处理效果的影响。结果表明,pH值对EDTA-Fe~(3+)类Fenton氧化效果影响较小,Fenton、 Fe~(3+)和Fe~(6+)类Fenton技术最适pH值范围分别为3~5、 4~7和4。Fenton反应速度最快,20 min基本稳定,其次是EDTA-Fe~(3+)类Fenton反应,Fe~(6+)类Fenton反应速度最慢。Fenton、Fe~(3+)和Fe~(6+)类Fenton反应中H_2O_2与铁离子的最佳物质的量比为10∶1, EDTA-Fe~(3+)类Fenton反应中H_2O_2与铁离子的最佳物质的量比为13∶1。在最优试验条件下,盐酸四环素的降解效率依次为:Fenton> Fe~(3+)类Fenton> EDTA-Fe~(3+)类Fenton> Fe~(6+)类Fenton;4种反应试剂对COD_Cr的去除效率均不高,处理效果最好的是Fe~(3+)类Fenton试剂,COD_Cr去除率为21.4%,而EDTA-Fe~(3+)类Fenton处理后COD_Cr浓度高于进水。紫外-可见吸收光谱表明盐酸四环素在4种反应体系中均迅速下降,有小分子产物生成。4种试剂处理后出水色度均较高,后续需要脱色处理。     

氧化-沉淀法处理高COD含镍污水

对处理高COD电镀污水的传统工艺方法进行了改进.先利用类Fenton氧化反应大幅度降低COD,彻底分解污水中的络合物和其他有机物,再利用氢氧化物和有机硫化物沉淀法沉淀包括镍在内的重金属.实际运行结果表明,采用新工艺后污泥量减少,运行费用降低,一次处理合格率提高,工作环境也得到了改善.     

Discoloration of Rhodamine B dyeing wastewater by schorl-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction

As other natural iron-bearing minerals, schorl could be taken as an effective iron source for degradation of organic pollutants by mineral-catalyzed Fenton-like system. In our present study, the schorl-catalyzed Fenton-like system has been successfully developed for discoloration of an active commercial dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), in an aqueous solution. Through a number of batch discoloration experiments under various conditions, it was found that the reactivity of the system increased by, respectively, increa...     

Phenol oxidation kinetics in water solution using iron(3)-oxide-based nano-catalysts

The influence of inorganic ions (HCO(3), PO(4)/HPO(4)/H(2)PO(4), Cl, SO(4), Ca, Na and Mg) on the advanced chemical oxidation process of organic compounds dissolved in water is reported here. The catalytic behavior of iron(3)-oxide-based nano-particles was investigated together with inorganic ions and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, and pH level. Phenol was chosen as a typical organic contaminant for this study as a simulating pollutant. The limiting concentrations of radical scavengers making the oxidation process inefficient were identified. The strong effect of concentration of radical scavengers HCO(3), PO(4)/HPO(4)/H(2)PO(4), the nano-catalyst and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, and pH on the phenol oxidation rate and lag time period before reaction starts was determined. It was shown that Cl, SO(4), Ca, Na and Mg ions had no significant effect on the kinetics of phenol oxidation.     

Role of the intermediates in the degradation of phenolic compounds by Fenton-like process

The degradation of three phenolic compounds, 4-chlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol and phenol by Fenton-like process was divided into three phases: the initiation phase, the fast phase and the termination phase. Compared with the initiation phase, the degradation of phenolic compounds, the consumption of H(2)O(2) and the generation of Fe(2+) accelerated dramatically in the fast phase. At the end of the fast phase, about 80% phenolic compounds were removed. After then, the degradation rate slowed down sharply due to the lack of H(2)O(2). The enhancement in the fast phase was caused by the role of some hydroquinone-like intermediates such as hydroquinone, catechol and 4-chlorocatechol, which were identified to reduce Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) quickly. The fast degradation of phenolic compounds promoted the formation of intermediates, thus the concentration of Fe(2+) increased, and vice versa. A reaction pathway describing the role of the hydroquinone-like intermediates was suggested.     

Degradation of n-butyl xanthate using fly ash as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst

Heterogeneous Fenton-like process using fly ash as a catalyst was studied to degrade n-butyl xanthate form aqueous solution. The different reaction parameters on the degradation efficiency of the process were investigated. The fly ash/H2O2 catalyst possesses a high oxidation activity for n-butyl xanthate degradation in aqueous solution. It is found that both the dosage of catalyst and initial solution pH significantly affect the n-butyl xanthate conversion efficient. The results indicate that by using 1.176 mmol/L H2O2 and 1.0 g/L fly ash catalyst with mass fraction of 4.14% Fe（III） oxide at pH 3.0, almost 96.90% n-butyl xanthate conversion and over 96.66% COD removal can be achieved within 120 min with heterogeneous catalysis by fly ash. CS2 as an intermediate of n-butyl xanthate oxidation. Finally, it is demonstrated that the fly ash/H2O2 catalytic oxidation process can be an efficient method for the treatment of n-butyl xanthate containing wastewater.     

Novel synthesis of Cu-HAP/SiO2@carbon nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for Fenton-like oxidation of 2,4-DCP

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has stable ion exchange capacity and is a potential environmental catalyst carrier. In this paper, a novel metal–carbon nanocomposite (Cu-HAP/SiO₂@carbon) was synthesized as a catalyst to remove 2,4-DCP. The SEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS and BET were used to characterize the synthesized catalyst materials, the results showed that Cu-HAP/SiO₂@carbon has a rich pore structure and a high specific surface area, and the copper element is well dispersed on the surface of the carrier. The results of 2,4-DCP removal effect showed that almost 100 % of 2,4-DCP was removed under the optimal reaction conditions. In addition, the Cu-HAP/SiO₂@carbon broaden the applicable pH range and has excellent performance in terms of reusability (93.73 % of removal rate after 5 cycles). Finally, based on the intermediate products identify by HPLC, the degradation mechanism and possible degradation pathway of 2,4-DCP was investigated, EPR was employed to confirm the effects of ·OH.     

氨基功能化纳米Fe_3O_4复合材料的一步法合成及其对五氯酚的吸附与降解性能

采用溶剂热一步法制备氨基功能化纳米Fe_3O_4磁性复合材料(NH_2-nFe_3O_4)。通过EA、XRD、FTIR、TEM、VSM等手段对NH_2-nFe_3O_4进行组成、结构、形貌、磁性等表征,并研究其吸附和降解水中五氯酚(PCP)污染物的性能。结果表明:NH_2-nFe_3O_4平均粒径约为20nm,饱和磁化强度为56.8emu/g;对PCP的等温吸附线符合Freundlich模型,当PCP的初始浓度为1 000mg/L时,吸附容量(q)可达899.2mg/g。吸附动力学研究表明,吸附过程可在5min内达到平衡,符合准二级动力学模型;将吸附PCP后的NH2-nFe_3O_4加入Fe~(3+)-H_2O_2体系,采用类Fenton反应可以实现PCP在可见光下原位降解。在pH值为3.0~8.0、5 min内对固载量为6.25~120.0mg/g的PCP实现近100%降解,较普通Fenton反应体系有更宽的pH适用范围。且NH_2-nFe_3O_4可循环使用,是具有优异潜力的水中PCP绿色吸附与降解材料。