向日葵锈菌侵染过程的超微结构研究

采用电子显微镜技术对向日葵锈菌的侵入和扩展过程进行了研究,结果表明,向日葵锈菌夏孢子萌发产生1个芽管,遇到合适结构的气孔后,在气孔上方形成附着胞从气孔侵入,胞间菌丝与叶肉细胞壁接触后分化出吸器母细胞,吸器母细胞进入叶肉细胞内部形成吸器。胞间菌丝在吸器母细胞处分化出次生菌丝,在叶肉细胞间扩展,病菌菌丝多在寄主细胞间隙或沿寄主细胞壁延伸。在病原菌侵染早期,寄主细胞的超微结构变化并不明显;侵染中、后期,被侵染叶肉细胞发生质壁分离,叶绿体膨胀变形,细胞器解体,细胞崩解。     

戊型肝炎病毒感染对补体系统表达的影响

目的 探讨补体在戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)感染孕妇及非孕妇患者中的表达水平.方法 采用免疫比浊法检测HEV感染孕妇及非孕妇患者血清中补体固有成分C3及C4水平;RT-qPCR法检测HEV感染孕妇及非孕妇患者全血中补体C3aR、CD55和CD59的表达水平.结果 HEV感染激活补体C3、C...     

Outdoor, but not indoor, nitrogen dioxide exposure is associated with persistent cough during the first year of life

Background and aims

Because their lungs and immune system are not completely developed, children are more susceptible to respiratory disease and more vulnerable to ambient pollution. We assessed the relation between prenatal and postnatal nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) levels and the development of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), wheezing and persistent cough during the first year of life.

Methods

The study population consisted of 352 children from a birth cohort in Valencia, Spain. Prenatal exposure to NO₂, a marker of traffic related air pollution was measured at 93 sampling sites spread over the study area during four different sampling periods of 7 days each. It was modeled for each residential address through land use regression using the empirical measurements and data from geographic information systems. Postnatal exposure was measured once inside and outside each home using passive samplers for a period of 14 days. Outcomes studied were any episode of LRTI during the child's first year of life diagnosed by a doctor (bronchitis, bronchiolitis or pneumonia), wheezing (defined as whistling sounds coming from the chest), and persistent cough (more than three consecutive weeks). Outcomes and potential confounders were obtained from structured questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify associations.

Results

The cumulative incidence (CI) at first year of life was 30.4% for LRTI (23.0% bronchiolitis, 11.9% bronchitis and 1.4% pneumonia), 26.1% for wheezing and 6.3% for persistent cough. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) per 10 μg/m³ increment in postnatal outdoor NO₂ concentration was 1.40 (1.02-1.92) for persistent cough. We also found some pattern of association with LRTI, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, wheezing and persistent cough in different prenatal periods, although it was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that exposure to outdoor, but not indoor, NO₂ during the first year of life increases the risk of persistent cough.     

楔形桩的工作性能及应用研究

通过介绍楔形桩的受力机理 ,指出楔形桩不同于一般桩基 ,其楔形构造改变了桩周土的天然结构状态 ,利于发挥桩土的共同作用 ,提高了其承载力。介绍并总结了现有楔形桩承载力计算公式及按其计算所出现偏差的原因。并分析了楔形桩承载力与几何尺寸的一般关系     

生物材料伴生感染——研究与对策

本文综述了生物材料伴生感染（ＢＡＩ）研究的进展，重点阐述了生物材料的表面特性、细菌特性及宿主因素对细菌粘附过程及细菌粘附数量的影响，描述了生物膜的产生及其特性，指出了ＢＡＩ的防治对策。     

微生物气溶胶的感染与控制--兼论SARS病毒预防

本文阐明了微生物气溶胶对人类健康的影响及作用，论述了微生物气溶胶的特点以及感染(含污染)和控制。特别结合SARS病毒气溶胶提出了一系列预防措施。     

HIV infection affects parietal-dependent spatial cognition: Evidence from mental rotation and hierarchical pattern perception.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the asymptomatic phase of the infection impairs some aspects of cognition, but little is known about how visuospatial functions are affected. In the present study, performance on tasks of mental rotation and hierarchical pattern perception was investigated in 14 HIV-positive men and 12 age- and education-matched HIV-negative men. Processes related to mental rotation of objects and hands were impaired in HIV-positive participants as compared to the HIV-negative group. The HIV-positive group was also impaired on hierarchical pattern perception of local targets under global biasing conditions. Consistent with these results, the HIV-positive participants showed impaired performance on standard clinical neuropsychological tests of visuospatial function. These findings indicate that the detrimental effects of HIV on cognition appear even in asymptomatic individuals and affect diverse visuospatial functions that depend upon the integrity of parietal brain regions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

引导扇区型病毒的广谱检测算法与实现

本文详细分析了引异扇区型病毒驻留、传染、隐藏和破坏的原理，提出了用引导扇区的特殊规律检测所有引导扇区型病毒的广谱算法，即用引导扇区的特殊串和首指令变化、分区表数据的特殊性和正常引导扇区程序不可能包括的指令来检查引导扇区型病毒的算法。该算法具有可检查已知和未知的所有引导扇区型病毒和混合型病毒的引导扇区部分的特点，大大优于国内外流行的商品软件（如ＳＣＡＮ、ＣＰＡＶ、ＫＶ２００、ＫＩＬＬ等）常用的基于病毒的特征串的检查方法。最后讨论了防治和清除引导扇区型病毒常规方法。     

Infection risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept or adalimumab

Objectives

To compare the risk of infection for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who took etanercept or adalimumab medication in a nationwide population.

Methods

RA patients who took etanercept or adalimumab were identified in the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. The composite outcome of serious infections, including hospitalization for infection, reception of an antimicrobial injection, and tuberculosis were followed for 365 days. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve with a log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to compare risks of infection between the two cohorts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonists users. Hazard ratios (HRs) were obtained and adjusted with propensity scores and clinical factors. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were also performed.

Results

In total, 1660 incident etanercept users and 484 incident adalimumab users were eligible for the analysis. The unadjusted HR for infection of the etanercept users was significantly higher than that of the adalimumab users (HR: 1.93; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–3.42; p = 0.024). The HRs were 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14–3.65; p = 0.016) and 2.02 (95% CI: 1.13–3.61; p = 0.018) after adjusting for propensity scores and for propensity scores in addition to clinical factors, respectively. The subgroup analyses revealed that HRs for composite infection was significantly higher in patient subgroups of older age, female, as well as patients who did not have DM, COPD, and hospitalization history at the baseline.

Conclusion

In this head-to-head cohort study involving a nationwide population of patients with RA, etanercept users demonstrated a higher risk of infection than adalimumab users. Results of this study suggest the possible existence of an intra-class difference in infection risk among TNF-α antagonists.     

牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒的病原性与免疫原性

用病牙鲆体表肿瘤纯化的病毒,对健康牙鲆进行人工感染实验,感染60天后,供试牙鲆再现了自然发病鱼的症状,对结果证明,从病鱼囊肿物中纯化的病毒,确系引发淋巴囊肿病的病原,免疫学实验显示,淋巴囊肿病毒使被感染鱼产生了抗体IgM,在实验期间内,IgM随着时间的延长而增加。