Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Polymer‐Bonded Explosives (PBXs): Modeling,Mechanical Properties and their Dependence on Temperatures and Concentrations of Binders

Two models, i.e. “covering” and “cutting” models, for the polymer‐bonded explosives (PBXs) were proposed for different researching aspects. Used for choosing polymeric binders, the “covering” models are mainly applied to find the relations of temperatures and concentrations respectively with elastic properties of the PBXs. The “cutting” model is especially used to describe the highly anisotropic behavior of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene crystals (TATB). These models were realized by using molecular dynamics methods. It is found that the ductility of crystalline TATB can be effectively improved by blending fluorine‐containing polymers in small amounts. The moduli for the PBXs decrease with increase in temperature and concentration of binders. Different crystalline surfaces interacting with the same polymer binder have different modulus‐decreasing effects due to the highly anisotropic behavior of TATB. The modulus‐decreasing effect for different crystalline surfaces ranking order is (010)≈(100)>(001).     

Quality Evaluation of RDX Crystalline Particles by Confined Quasi‐Static Compression Method

A confined, quasi‐static uniaxial compression method, named as the compressive stiffness test (CST), is promoted to evaluate the quality of different RDX crystalline particles which are obtained from commercial and reprocessed lots. This method is based on the fact that the fragmentation or fracture behavior in the compression process could be correlated to the external/internal defects of targeted crystalline particles. The quality difference between the commonly used RDX and reprocessed RDX can be easily discriminated by compaction curves and the defined initial secant modulus can be used as a quantitative parameter to grade RDX particles. The results show that the RDX recrystallized from mixed solvents and spheroidized by treatment with solvent is of much higher quality than the commonly used RDX, and the particle size as well as external characteristics exert limited effects on the compaction curves, but the key factor is internal defects, which affect the coherence strength of RDX crystalline particles. Qualitative optical image analysis and quantitative particle apparent density measurements by liquid density gradient tubes also give consistent results with those from the CST.     

输电线路暂态电压行波的故障特征及其小波分析

分析了电压行波的基本故障特征 ,给出了电压行波故障特征的新的数学描述———小波表示。建立起了电压行波的故障特征和小波变换模极大值之间的联系 :通过有限个具有明确物理意义的小波变换模极大值 ,完整、清晰地刻划了暂态电压行波的故障特征。为构造性能优良、可靠的行波测距和行波保护奠定了重要的数学基础。     

高性能纤维的单纤维压缩弯曲性能

选取11种高性能纤维,包括PBO纤维、芳纶1313纤维、对位芳纶纤维、高强聚乙烯长丝和高强聚乙烯短纤等,采用单纤维压缩弯曲仪测试纤维的单纤维压缩弯曲性能,并对其压缩弯曲曲线进行对比分析。结果表明,11种高性能纤维中,Technora纤维的最大力和抗弯刚度最大,在相同条件下,Technora纤维更难被压弯;PBO纤维普通丝的抗弯刚度远大于高模量丝的抗弯刚度;直径相同的条件下,芳纶1414纤维的最大力、等效弯曲模量及抗弯刚度明显高于芳纶1313纤维;超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的压缩弯曲曲线变化趋势最明显。     

Kantorovich算子L_M~*逼近

设LM*[0,1]是Orlicz空间,Knf（x）是Kantorovich算子,在本文中,我们得到的主要结果是: 定理2 若f∈LM*[0,1],则∣Knf（x）-f（x）∣M≤cω1,m(f;1/n1/2)其中ω（1,m）（f,t）是f∈LM*[0,1]的一阶光滑模。     

Potential ambiguity in the determination of the plastic strain range component in LCF testing

Most low cycle fatigue testing is carried out under total strain controlled limits and the plastic strain component is determined retrospectively after the test by considering the hysteresis loop closest to the mid-life. Currently there is no universal method for determining the plastic strain range.

It is demonstrated that variability in excess of 30% can arise in the values of the plastic strain range calculated according to the different methods adopted by current Standards and commercial testing software.     

金属材料弹性模量的简易测量方法

根据试样的弹性变形和载荷之间的关系,使用通用量具有测量试样的有关尺寸和变有量,并以其计算和测定金属的弹性模量。     

Young's Modulus Extraction Methods for Soft Tissue from Ultrasound Measurement System

Abstract

Young's Modulus of soft tissue is a key index to evaluate the biomechanical features of the soft tissue; it has a close relationship to the force and deformation of the soft tissue. In order to measure the force and the deformation of soft tissue, a specially designed device is used to link ultrasound and force transducers by mounting them in series. The combined transducers can simultaneously sense the compressive force and the deformation of the soft tissue. The measurement system is calibrated, before it is used, to collect the data. Based on the measured force and the measured deformation of the soft tissue, the analytics biomechanical model of the soft tissue can be obtained by data fitting.

In this paper, the biomechanical model of the soft tissue is assumed to be linear and possess viscous elasticity; when the model of the soft tissue is a linear model, the derived Young's Modulus of the soft tissue is a constant; when the model of the soft tissue is a viscoelastic model, the derived Young's Modulus is a function of the deformation of the tissue. Calibration data show that the maximal error of the measurement system is less than 1.9 µm, non‐linearity error γ_T is ±0.06%, and the static error band γ is ±0.07%. The measurement system can be used to diagnose the pathology of soft tissue.     

筵席：中国古代早期建筑模数研究

文章对中国古代以“筵席”作为建筑设计尺度中的基本计量单位从而确立了最早的模数制度进行了研究。