Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology: Judith V. Torney-Purta.

Judith V. Torney-Purta, recipient of the Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology, is cited for leadership of rigorous research on the development of democratic attitudes and civic knowledge among adolescents from more than 30 countries that has served as a catalyst for education and youth policy reform. Torney-Purta led research projects that are prime examples of international collaboration. She drew on these experiences in contributing to an initiative on international collaboration among behavioral and social scientists sponsored by the U.S. National Committee for the International Union of Psychological Science. Along with the citation, a biography and selected bibliography of Torney-Purta's works are presented. Also included is her paper, entitled "International psychological research that matters for policy and practice," a version of which she presented at the American Psychological Association's annual convention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Improving classroom learning by collaboratively observing human tutoring videos while problem solving.

Collaboratively observing tutoring is a promising method for observational learning (also referred to as vicarious learning). This method was tested in the Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center’s Physics LearnLab, where students were introduced to physics topics by observing videos while problem solving in Andes, a physics tutoring system. Students were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) pairs collaboratively observing videos of an expert human tutoring session, (b) pairs observing videos of expert problem solving, or (c) individuals observing expert problem solving. Immediate learning measures did not display group differences; however, long-term retention and transfer measures showed consistent differences favoring collaboratively observing tutoring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Goal consensus and collaboration.

There are differences in the extent to which patient and therapist agree on psychotherapy goals and work together in the helping relationship. This article reviews the empirical research on the relation between psychotherapy outcome and patient-therapist goal consensus and collaboration. Research results suggest that psychotherapy outcome is enhanced when agreement on therapeutic goals and collaborative involvement (often assessed by patient cooperation, role involvement, and homework compliance) are present during the course of therapy. When therapists and patients demonstrate cooperative and affiliative behavior, and when patients are actively involved in the patient role, better outcomes can be expected. We discuss therapeutic practices based on these findings, emphasizing the involvement of therapist and patient in a process of shared decision-making where goals are frequently discussed and agreed upon. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

供应商协同能力评价指标体系研究

供应链协同已经成为供应链集团在与其他集团之间日趋激烈的竞争中创造竞争优势的势在必行的现代管理战略,供应商选择对供应链协同至关重要。通过控制进化种群划分与进化过程,利用压缩变异与Gauss变异设计一种组合变异方式,进而提出改进的模糊C-均值聚类遗传算法（IFCMGA）;在初步确定面向供应链协同的供应商评价指标后,利用IFCMGA算法对供应商协同能力评价指标进行分类,构建了面向供应链协同的供应商评价指标体系。结合模糊层次分析法与重要指标筛选法进行指标分析和筛选以及指标体系重构,以为供应商评价与选择提供科学决策依据。     

A preliminary assessment of the potential for “team science” in DOE Energy Innovation Hubs and Energy Frontier Research Centers

President Obama has called for the development of new energy technologies to address our national energy needs and restore US economic competitiveness. In response, the Department of Energy has established new R&D modalities for energy research and development designed to facilitate collaboration across disciplinary, institutional, and sectoral boundaries. In this research note, we provide a preliminary assessment of the potential for essential mechanisms for coordinated problem solving among diverse actors within two new modalities at the DOE: Energy Innovation Hubs and Energy Frontier Research Centers.     

能量高效的无线传感器网络可靠转发协议

为了在链路质量不可靠的无线传感器网络(WSN)中提高数据传输的能效,提出一种基于模糊综合评判的WSN可靠转发协议FiaRD。FiaRD利用WSN节点部署稠密的特点和无线信道的广播特性,使传输路径上相互邻近的节点自发组织成多跳簇,进而通过各个簇成员间的协作转发来提高数据传输的可靠性和能效。每跳簇是通过分布式“模糊综合评判”与“回退竞争”相结合的机制动态选出的,此机制在对多个候选簇进行综合评判的基础上,能从中筛选出少数较优的来参与下一跳的竞争,从而降低簇间的碰撞概率,提高转发效率。仿真结果表明,FiaRD在保证可靠传输的同时,具有较低的传输能耗。     

基于兴趣的科研合作网络演化模型

从科研合作网络的研究现状入手在BA网络模型的基础上,基于科研工作者研究兴趣,给出了一个新的科研合作网络的数学模型,并建立了一个基于兴趣相似度的符合科研合作网络真实特性的网络演化模型。初步的仿真实验结果表明,按照该模型构造出来的网络度分布服从幂指数为-3的幂律分布。     

协同过滤系统的矩阵稀疏性问题的研究

应用奇异值算法得到一个无缺失的矩阵,引进了一种增强的、基于参数的Pearson相关系统算法来提高相关性算法的准确性。提出一个基于奇异值分解和增强Pearson系数的“HybridSVD”算法,用MovieLens数据集来评价该算法,并和其他经典的传统算法做了比较。实验结果证明,“HybridSVD”算法比其他传统算法能更好地处理协同过滤中的稀疏性问题。     

基于国际合作科研模式培养材料创新人才的实践

简要介绍了金属材料强度国家重点实验室(西安交通大学)近年内根据国家重点实验室主干研究方向和学科发展的需求,相继通过海外高端人才引进与实质性国际合作,在优秀人才培养与团队建设,学科发展和成果效益等方面取得的一些进展。基于上述工作,已初步形成一个国际合作、开放性的开展国际学科前沿性研究的学科创新引智基地,同时产生了一批具有国际学术影响的高水平科研成果,对于西安交大材料学科的可持续发展产生了深远的影响。     

基于均匀设计的改进细菌群体趋药性算法

针对细菌群体趋药性算法（BCC）求解效率较低的问题,提出一种改进的BCC算法。利用均匀设计方法生成初始菌群,使初始菌群在解空间中足够均匀,以充分利用解空间的信息。在细菌间的协作模式框架下,对单点细菌向群体中心点移动方式进行改进,即单个细菌向其群体间最优点的邻域内移动时,为找到潜在位置中的较好解,对潜在位置之间的距离进行等分,以这些等分点中的最优点作为该细菌下一步将要移动到的位置。通过函数优化进行仿真实验,表明改进后的算法在进化代数和寻优成功率上都有较大的提高,具有较高的运行性能。