激光治疗过敏性鼻炎及其免疫功能的变化

目的:观察He-Ne激光鼻腔照射配合药物治疗过敏性鼻炎的效果。并进行免疫数据分析取得可信证据。方法:对用He-Ne激光鼻腔照射配合口服抗组胺药物加局部使用雷诺考特喷鼻剂67例(观察组)和药物对照组30例(对照组)的过敏性鼻炎患者进行治疗和疗效对比。此外单纯用激光照射对过敏性鼻炎观察治疗35例,并进行体液免疫动态追踪。结果:两组治疗前后总有效率相比,P<0.05,有显著差异。说明观察组疗效优于对照组。并在停药后第1、2、3、4周两组总有效率差异有显著性意义,停药后观察组总有效率明显较对照组高,且随停药时间延长,其总有效率间差距逐渐增大。从体液免疫动态观察看患者血清中IgE含量比正常人高(约4倍)[1]。结论:He-Ne激光鼻腔照射配合药物治疗成人过敏性鼻炎是安全有效、标本兼治、副作用少,并有着免疫增强和免疫抑制双向良性调节作用的一种有效疗法,值得临床推广。     

基于粒子群优化的图像自适应增强方法

将免疫粒子群优化算法和非完全Beta函数结合,提出了一种自适应图像对比度增强方法.该免疫粒子群优化算法结合了粒子群优化算法具有的全局寻优能力和免疫系统的免疫信息处理机制,改善了粒子群优化算法摆脱局部极值点的能力.利用免疫粒子群优化算法自动搜索最佳的灰度变换参数,从而获得一条最佳的灰度变换曲线,实现对图像进行全局增强处理.实验结果表明,该算法不仅能有效地提高图像整体对比度和视觉效果,而且适合图像的自动化处理.     

基于代数正规型构造的代数免疫最优布尔函数

现有代数免疫最优布尔函数的构造方法大多基于支撑集,通过代数正规型直接构造的方法研究较少.为此,利用代数正规型的多项式表示构造一类代数免疫性质优的布尔函数,研究其代数次数、代数免疫阶、函数重量、非线性度等性质,分析采用这种方法构造的代数免疫最优布尔函数的性质及计数等结果.由构造方法可以得到代数免疫最优的布尔函数,其中包含一些已有的特殊构造结果,表明该方法更具有一般性,包含更多具有最优代数免疫阶的函数.     

人工免疫在电子商务推荐中的应用

Internet的迅速发展使得电子商务中信息超载现象越发严重,如何从商品信息的海洋中快速准确的挑选出需要的商品已成为电子商务网站急需解决的问题,个性化推荐为解决该问题提供了可能.为了实现准确的推荐,本文提出了使用人工免疫技术对用户进行聚类,然后采用协同过滤技术进行推荐,结果表明,准确率可以达到80%以上.     

The Divergent Immunomodulatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Medium Chain Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are derived from diet and fermentative processes by the intestinal flora. Two to five carbon chain fatty acids, termed short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are increasingly recognized to play a role in intestinal homeostasis. However, the characteristics of slightly longer 6 to 10 carbon, medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), derived primarily from diet, are less understood. Here, we demonstrated that SCFA and MCFA have divergent immunomodulatory propensities. SCFA down-attenuated host pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα response predominantly through the TLR4 pathway, whereas MCFA augmented inflammation through TLR2. Butyric (C4) and decanoic (C10) acid displayed most potent modulatory effects within the SCFA and MCFA, respectively. Reduction in TRAF3, IRF3 and TRAF6 expression were observed with butyric acid. Decanoic acid induced up-regulation of GPR84 and PPARγ and altered HIF-1α/HIF-2α ratio. These variant immune characteristics of the fatty acids which differ by just several carbon atoms may be attributable to their origins, with SCFA being primarily endogenous and playing a physiological role, and MCFA exogenously from the diet.     

杜仲对异育银鲫肌肉品质和血清SOD、溶菌酶活性的影响

在基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加1%杜仲皮、1%杜仲叶和1%杜仲汁饲喂异育银鲫,考察对其肉质及免疫功能的影响.结果表明:对照组、杜仲皮组、杜仲叶组、杜仲汁组异育银鲫肌肉失水率分别为25.17%、21.77%、26.57%和17.80%,肌原纤维长度(反映肌纤维耐折力)分别为288.1、365.7、342.2和307.6 μm,羟脯氨酸含量分别为0.132、0.222、0.168和0.185 mg/g,其中添加1%杜仲皮、1%杜仲汁可极显著降低肌肉失水率(P＜0.01),提高羟脯氨酸含量(P＜0.05);添加1%杜仲皮、1%杜仲叶可使肌纤维耐折力显著增加(P＜0.05);在血清非特性免疫指标方面,添加1%杜仲叶、1%杜仲汁可提高血清超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性(P＜0.05),但对溶菌酶活性无影响(P＞0.05).     

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying β-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Cross-Talk between Sympathetic Neurons and Immune Cells

Cross-talk between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and immune system is vital for health and well-being. Infection, tissue injury and inflammation raise firing rates of sympathetic nerves, increasing their release of norepinephrine (NE) in lymphoid organs and tissues. NE stimulation of β₂-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in immune cells activates the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) intracellular signaling pathway, a pathway that interfaces with other signaling pathways that regulate proliferation, differentiation, maturation and effector functions in immune cells. Immune–SNS cross-talk is required to maintain homeostasis under normal conditions, to develop an immune response of appropriate magnitude after injury or immune challenge, and subsequently restore homeostasis. Typically, β₂-AR-induced cAMP is immunosuppressive. However, many studies report actions of β₂-AR stimulation in immune cells that are inconsistent with typical cAMP–PKA signal transduction. Research during the last decade in non-immune organs, has unveiled novel alternative signaling mechanisms induced by β₂-AR activation, such as a signaling switch from cAMP–PKA to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. If alternative signaling occurs in immune cells, it may explain inconsistent findings of sympathetic regulation of immune function. Here, we review β₂-AR signaling, assess the available evidence for alternative signaling in immune cells, and provide insight into the circumstances necessary for “signal switching” in immune cells.     

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Is a Generalized Autoimmune Epithelitis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic progressive autoimmune cholestatic liver disease characterized by highly specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) and the specific immune-mediated injury of small intrahepatic bile ducts. Unique apoptotic feature of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) may contribute to apotope presentation to the immune system, causing unique tissue damage in PBC. Perpetuation of inflammation may result in senescence of BECs, contributing to irreversible loss of bile duct. In addition to the classic liver manifestations, focal inflammation and tissue damage are also seen in salivary glands and urinary tract in a significant proportion of PBC patients. These findings provide potent support to the idea that molecular mimicry may be involved in the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance and mucosal immunity may lead to a systematic epithelitis in PBC patients. Thus, PBC is considered a generalized epithelitis in clinical practice.     

EMS测试系统中的主要设备选型

结合标准和实际测试对EMS测试设备的要求,分别对射频电磁场辐射抗抗度和传导骚扰抗扰度测试系统的主要设备技术指标要求和选型,进行了详细阐述和分析,为如何选择满足用户要求的测试系统提供参考。